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The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue

This article discusses the various stages, incidents, and difficulties associated with industrial gamma ray inspection, as well as proposes areas for improvement in individual, organizational, technical, training, and health aspects.

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The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue

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  1. The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue Gonzague ABELA

  2. 1 -  First descriptions of the gamma shooting • An unknown nightly activity ; • A « risky » activity ; • Reliable materials; Entité d'appartenance

  3. Take the source out of the storage Beaconing and installation Source ejection Removing of the tooling Source storage Source back in the camera A « simple » work: it would be enough to follow the good procedures Entité d'appartenance

  4. 2 – The incidents analyse • A strong media impact ; • Different perception from the exposure levels • Analyses focused on the operators Entité d'appartenance

  5. 3 - The discovery of a complex activity • 3.1 – Many stages Entité d'appartenance

  6. Entité d'appartenance

  7. The material necessary Entité d'appartenance

  8. 3.2 - Variabilities • Preparation • Variable Knowledge of NDT according to sites; • More or less detailed files an area plans; • Few or not detailed preliminary visits of the work area; • Preparation a more or less integrated stage, even very limited; Entité d'appartenance

  9. Variabilities • Carrying out • Implantation of the source storage; • Size of the exclusion area (negotiation, intrusion) ; • Storage and transportation of the tooling ; • Accessibility with the weldings ; • Circuits full of water, positioning of the scaffolding, insulation removing. Entité d'appartenance

  10. Variabilities • Realization • Alternations of waiting and of temporal pressure; • Material incidents; • Physical environments (dosimetry, contamination, lighting) • Adjustment of the exposure times; • Incidents of development; Entité d'appartenance

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  13. 3.4 – The difficulties • The transport of the equipment; • Wearing of load; • Risks postures; • Night-work; • To fight against micro-phases of sleep • The cost of vigilance; • Changes of rhythms Entité d'appartenance

  14. 4 - Another glance on incidents • « Vigilance it is work  » • Multicausality of the accidents; • From lack of attentionto lack of vigilance; Entité d'appartenance

  15. Organization in the action • Intrusion in the beaconing; • Search for information-documents • Waitings-New requests • Organisational Insulation • Individual: • Night-work (phases of micro-sleep) • Routine • Tires • Painfulness (effort-postures) • Interruptions • Conditions of recovery (sleep, food, drugs…) • Organisation : • Change of sites and time of transfer • Instability of the collectives • temporal Pressure • preparation, No. of radio, etc.) • rganisational pressure (waited other actors) Vigilance is work • Environment • Accessibility • Physical Environments (lighting, …) • Dose rate • Contamination Risks • Equipment • Incidents, blocking, • Presentation of information • Carriages and storage Factors of degradation of vigilance Entité d'appartenance

  16. 5 – Area For Improvement Propositions • Analyze accidents: not to stick only at the individual level and the carelessness ; • To limit the factors of degradation of vigilance to the levels: • Individual; • Organisational ; • Technique; Entité d'appartenance

  17. Area For Improvement Propositions • Organisation • Inequalities of knowledge of trade NDT on the sites; • Unequal conditions of preparation; • Collectives of radiologists burst in perpetual recombining (which management by the companies?); • Organisational insulation Entité d'appartenance

  18. Area For Improvement Propositions • Technique • Redundancy of alarms; • The information given by the camera; • Revolutions counters; • Permanent locations of the weldings; • Means of fixing of the nozzles; • Means of handling and storage facilities; • Physical environments (lighting, dosimetry) the adaptation of the combinations (window, pockets etc.) Technique Entité d'appartenance

  19. Area For Improvement Propositions • Training • Growing old Population; • Stabilization and transfer of know-how; • Setting in situation and taking into account of variabilities in the initial formations; • Places of training Entité d'appartenance

  20. Area For Improvement Propositions • Health and life with work • a population "exposed" to difficult working conditions: need for taking care of it; • An inventory of fixtures as regards health necessary; • Which taking into account of health in daily • organisation of the companies • The management of displacements and lodging • Evaluation of the risks Entité d'appartenance

  21. Area For Improvement Propositions • …… Entité d'appartenance

  22. A SFRP COFREND Working group • Who ? • Radiation Protection Specialists not only from NDT Cies, and Nuclear Industry (Oil industry, …) • Authority Body engineers • NDT managers • NDT operators • Transport experts, … • 60 people Entité d'appartenance

  23. A SFRP COFREND Working group • What ? • Applicable regulation • Feedback experience from incidents, and its use: http://relir.cepn.asso.fr/ • Technical training • The material and associated equipments • Dosimetry • Help for a risk evaluation (Social, Oranisational, Human approaches) • Self assesment guide • Distribution of the responsabilities • Transportation Entité d'appartenance

  24. PRACTICE IN EDF : storage • Coordination is responsibility for the OPERATOR • the source is put under the responsibility for the site Entité d'appartenance

  25. PRACTICE IN EDF : licence of gamma-ray inspection • A licence of gamma-ray inspection identical on all the sites • the description of the responsibilities is specified • To aim at a licence of shooting = to engage its responsibility Entité d'appartenance

  26. PRACTICE IN EDF : The "personal element" • "engagements of the client of the site » : • 8 points to help the radiographer to prepare, perfom his job, and to support confidence to be able to identify and treat the variations Entité d'appartenance

  27. PRACTICE IN EDF : The plans of beaconing • Standardized and filed plans of beaconing Entité d'appartenance

  28. 4,4 T Bq (120 Ci) Ir-192 PRACTICE IN EDF : The limitation of the zones of beaconing • The more reduced one zone of exclusion is, the more it is tight: Entité d'appartenance

  29. PRACTICE IN EDF : The limitation of the zones of beaconing The european practices (EAN WG) Entité d'appartenance

  30. PRACTICE IN EDF : The sound alarm dosimeter ALL the radiographers wear such dosimeter Entité d'appartenance

  31. PRACTICE IN EDF : The sentinel • Put in the vicinity of the sources and camera • Backgroud measurement • Light switch on when the Dose Rate increases • Light switch of when the Dose Rate decreases Entité d'appartenance

  32. PRACTICE IN EDF : a specific carriage Entité d'appartenance

  33. PRACTICE IN EDF : a specific beaconing Entité d'appartenance

  34. Strong messages • To take care of vigilance • The risk of an organisational insulation • A degradation of the working conditions of the radiologists Entité d'appartenance

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