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ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

ARTIFICIAL BLOOD. Substitute for blood Scientific American- Feb 1998. THE IDEAL SUBSTITUTE. Non toxic- Free from Disease No Immune Response- Compatible Transportable- Long Shelf life Excreted without Side effects Remains in circulation until replaced Performs Blood’s many Tasks.

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ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

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  1. ARTIFICIAL BLOOD Substitute for blood Scientific American- Feb 1998

  2. THE IDEAL SUBSTITUTE • Non toxic- Free from Disease • No Immune Response- Compatible • Transportable- Long Shelf life • Excreted without Side effects • Remains in circulation until replaced • Performs Blood’s many Tasks

  3. RESEARCH APPROACH • Haemoglobin- based Polymerised Hb Cross- Linked Hb Bovine Hb • Chemicals

  4. LIQUID BREATHING MOUSE • LeLand Clark of Univ. Alabama 1960 • Mouse immersed in Poly F loro Carbons (PFC) • Science Fiction Movie “ ABYSS”

  5. PFC - Mode of action • PFC floats in Plasma after administration • Oxygen from Lungs moves directly to PFC bypassing RBCs • PFC travels to rest of Body and Exchanges Oxygen for Carbon Dioxide • Excreted through Exhalation

  6. MILESTONES TO CONQUER • 2005 - Male Contraceptive • 2010 - More effective Cancer Treatment through combined Gene & Immunotherapy • 2015 - Genetic Roots of all Diseases identified • 2022 - Fetuses conceived In Vitro mature to Term in Extra Uterine Incubators • 2030 - Fully Functional Artificial Eyes • 2035 - Human Hibernation used for Space Travel • 2500 - Human Life Span extended to 140 years Source:“The next 500 years”- Adrian Berry

  7. CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT FOR MENTimes of India 17 April 99 • Etonogestrel Implant in Arm switches off Spermatogenesis & Testosterone • Testosterone Pellets in the Abdomen restores Libido • Reversible & Long acting • Prelim Studies encouraging in Edinburgh & Manchester Contributed by Dr. Padma Rao

  8. HUMANGENOMEPROJECT

  9. HUMAN GENOME PROJECTBREAKING THE CODE OF LIFE • Launched a Decade ago by Universities & Governments of USA UK & Germany • 1997 - 50000 Genes identified and Functions of 5000 determined • 1998 - 21 Genes identified • Deadline: 2003 AD

  10. GENE MAPPING • How to Decode the Book of Life? • Genes vary from person to person because of Conspiracy of Genes & Environment • Molecular Basis of most Diseases • Treatment through Genetic Engineering • >250 Ongoing Trials allover the world

  11. BRCA1 GENE • Responsible for 82% of Ca Breast & 44% of Ca Ovary • Prevention Strategies: Frequent screening Early Biopsy With hold Estrogen Replacement Oopherectomy after Child bearing

  12. Gene Therapy will revolutionize Medicine We used think that our fate was in our stars.Now we know that our fate is in our Genes - James watson

  13. GENDER PRESELECTION

  14. PRESELECTION OF SEX:TECHNIQUES • Albumin Density Gradient Ericsson et al Based on Increased motility of Y Sperms 86% Males • Sephadex Method First 5ml of Semen passed thru Sephadex has more X sperms Y sperm attaches to Gel 70% Females

  15. PRESELECTION OF SEX • Ficoll - Paque Method Centrifuging sediments more Y sperms But decreases motility • Percoll Gradient 12 step sedimentation • Laminar Flow ChamberElectrophoresis X sperms swim in straight line • Electophoresis X sperms move towards Anode

  16. FLOW CYTOMETRYFugger et al - J Human Repr 99 • Sperms dosed with DNA stain • X sperms have 2.3% more DNA and take up more stain • When subjected to Laser beam X sperms shine more • Cell sorting Machine separates X&Ysperms • 85% Chance of Girl

  17. PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS (PGD)India Today 17 May 99 • Malpani Mumbai • Ova harvested from ovary fertilized in vitro • 8 cell embryos stained with fluorescent dye • X becomes pink and Y blue • Only X embryos implanted in utero

  18. Designer baby • Today parents can choose a baby’s Sex and screen for genetic defects • How about the colour of hair,eyes, IQ and personality? • ‘Remaking Eden’ by Lee Silver of Princeton Univ mentions Reprogenetics & Genetic tinkering • Adding genes for HIV resistance, High IQ, Longevity, Attractive face & figure • ‘Doable’ says Prof.Lipshultz

  19. BABY ASPIRIN Has it had a Neonatal death?

  20. CLASP TRIALLancet March 94 • Routine prophylaxis not recommended in Pre eclampsia • Justified in Early onset PE requiring Preterm Delivery • Start early in second trimester

  21. BLASP TRIALBrit J Ob G March 98 • Incidence of PE unchanged • Incidence of Preterm Delivery reduced • 2.5% with Aspirin vs 14.0% with Placebo

  22. TRIAL OF CALCIUMNew Eng J Med July 97 • No significant difference in PE/ PIH without PE/ HT disorders • No change in Preterm delivery/ SGA/ NND

  23. NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS • ZINC Brit Med J 1989 - Acta ObG Scand 1996 • MAGNESIUM Am J Ob G 1989 • FISH OIL - Omega 3 Fatty acids Brit J Ob G 1996

  24. THANK YOU

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