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Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War

Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War . Iraqi History. A. British Mandate. Post WWII British colony. B. British Backed Monarchy. King chosen by England. C. Dictatorships. 1958 Baath Revolution. Thinking Slide:.

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Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War

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  1. Iran-Iraq War and the Persian Gulf War

  2. Iraqi History A. British Mandate • Post WWII British colony B. British Backed Monarchy • King chosen by England C. Dictatorships • 1958 Baath Revolution

  3. Thinking Slide: How might Iraqi history affect how they view the Americans & their British allies in the current war in Iraq?

  4. Baath Party B. What does it do? • Secular (non-religious) government • Uses oil $ for government projects • Hussein begins to eliminate opponents HUSSEIN CARD AS PART OF DECK OF 55 CARDS OF US CHARACTERS WANTED Reuters/CORBIS

  5. That all changes with the Iran-Iraq War • Iranian Revolution A. Why? • Pro-western Shah unpopular because of his alliance w/US & secret police B. How? • Religious (Shiite) revolution C. Results • Fear in most neighboring Middle Eastern countries, especially majority Shiite Iraq

  6. Iraq-Iran War

  7. The World Takes Sides

  8. Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) 1) Key Players? -Iraq & Iran 2) Cause? Immediate- border dispute (oil) 3) Saddam’s Invasion? -Hoped to gain control of rich oil fields on border -“Church & State” argument -Iraq was secular -Iran was Islamic

  9. 4) Assumptions? -Saddam believed victory would be easy 5) Cease-Fire? -Attacks on shipping in the Persian Gulf attracted U.S. and U.N. Oil exports were reduced leaving Iraq and Iran struggling economically. Both agreed to a cease-fire in Aug 1988.

  10. Operation Desert Storm

  11. Persian Gulf War (the 1st one!) • Why? 1.Iraq’s claimed to the land 2. Claimed Kuwait was stealing oil (“slant drilling”) 3. $ owed to countries Kuwait 4.Hussein thought no one would stop him

  12. Persian Gulf War • Claimed Kuwait as part of Iraq • Saudi Arabia threaten • United Nations • United States and Arab coalition • Within days Iraqi forces surrender

  13. Persian Gulf War (the 1st one!) • What happened?? • US invades w/full UN backing • US bombs Iraqi military & civilian infrastructure • We make no attempt to hold Iraqi towns or capture Saddam Hussein

  14. Persian Gulf War Pictures

  15. Persian Gulf War (the 1st one!) • Results? UN Embargo & Oil for Food Program Peace Terms: • Iraq accepts border with Kuwait, surrenders all WMDs, destroys all WMD production capability • Iraq can sell oil in exchange for food & medicine

  16. Thinking Slide: Do you think a program like the “oil for food” program was a good one given the situation at the time?

  17. Afterwards • Saddam is still is power • Trade sanctions • Removed only if UN inspectors can visit • What do you think UN inspectors were looking for? • Chemical Weapons and WMDs • Causes US and British to do air raids

  18. Gulf War Syndrome • Joint pain, fatigue, loss of muscle control, headaches • Causes? No one really knows • Nerve gas • Oil well fires • Anthrax Vaccine

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