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Objectives

Objectives. After completing this chapter you will be able to: Describe the Routing Information Protocol (RIP version 1 and RIP version 2) Describe Routing Loops, Split Horizons and Poison Reverse Outline the advantages and disadvantages of RIP. Characteristics of RIP.

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to: • Describe the Routing Information Protocol (RIP version 1 and RIP version 2) • Describe Routing Loops, Split Horizons and Poison Reverse • Outline the advantages and disadvantages of RIP

  2. Characteristics of RIP • RIP is a very simple protocol of the distance vector family. RIP was documented in RFC-1058 in June 1988 . • RIP messages can be broadly classified into two types: Routing information messages and messages used to request information. • RIP uses a very simple metric - the hop count. • RIP packets are carried over User Data Protocol (UDP) and IP. The RIP processes uses UDP port number 520. RIP updates are normally sent every 30 seconds by default. • Every entry has a timer (180 seconds by default) associated with it and on expiry the distance for that entry is set to infinity.

  3. Routing Table From Ericsson Colorado Router

  4. RIP Version 1 Message Format 0 8 16 24 31 Command(1) Version (1) Must be zero (2) Address family identifier (2) Must be zero (2) IP address (4) Must be zero (4) Must be zero (4) Metric (4) 1 - request 2 - Response 3 - Traceon 4 - Traceoff 5 - Reserved IP header UDP Port=520 Address family identifier = 2 (IP)

  5. RIP Request ………………… ………………… ………………… …………………. RIP Response (Max 25 entries) Valid Class A, B or C? Net number =/ 127 or 0 Host number =/ broadcast Metric >/ 16 Metric = Metric+1 Update Routing table The RIP Protocol

  6. RIP Neighbours Broadcast Networks NBMA Networks ATM Ethernet RIP behaves promiscuously RIP neighbours are defined

  7. RIP Version 2 Message Format 0 8 16 24 31 Command(1) Version (1) Routing domain (2) Address family identifier (2) Route tag (2) IP address (4) Subnet mask (4) Next hop (4) Metric (4)

  8. A B C D Network Hops Network Network Hops Hops A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 1 B 2 C 2 C 1 C 1 D 3 D 2 D 1 Slow Convergence

  9. A B C 2 1 2 1 5 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 D E Routing Loops

  10. A B C 2 1 2 1 5 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 D E Split Horizons

  11. Advantages of RIP • RIP automatically creates and maintains a network of routes. • Since RIP uses a single metric it is very easy to configure.

  12. Disadvantages of RIP • The diameter of the internetwork is limited to 15 router hops. • Network administrators cannot take into account such factors as bandwidth or delay when configuring their routing systems using RIP. • Each routing entry is updated every 30 seconds or so, regardless whether there has been a change in the network topology or not.

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