Introduction to SAS

1. Introduction to SAS Osama A Samarkandi, PhD, RN BSc, GMD, BSN, MSN, NIAC Deanship of Skill development Dec. 2nd-3rd, 2013

2. List of Statistical Packages • Open source, • Public domain, • Freeware, • Proprietary, • Add-ons. • See attachment.

4. SAS

5. What is “SAS” • Statistics Analysis System (SAS) • SAS is a comprehensive statistical software system which integrates utilities for storing, modifying, analyzing, and graphing data. • SAS runs on both Windows and UNIX platforms • SAS is used in a wide range of industries such as healthcare, education, financial services, life sciences,…

6. What is “SAS” • Integrated system of software solutions that enables you to perform the following tasks: • Data entry, retrieval, and management • Report writing and graphics design • Statistical and mathematical analysis • Business forecasting and decision support • Operations research and project management • Applications development

7. SAS Usage • How you use SAS depends on what you want to accomplish. Some people use many of the capabilities of the SAS System, and others use only a few. • Base SAS software contains the following: • A data management facility • A programming language • Data analysis and reporting utilities

8. SAS User Interface Run button – click on this button to run SAS code Tool bar similar to Windows applications Click here for SAS help Log Window New Window button Save button Explorer Window Editor Window Results Window (not shown) Output Window (not shown)

9. Editor Window The Editor Window contains inputted data sets and SAS programs

10. Explorer Window Libraries Folder - Contains data sets created in SAS Explorer Window

11. Libraries Folder Contents of the Work Folder These are the data sets that have been created in SAS through inputting data and by creating data sets in SAS programs Contents of the Libraries Folder The Work Folder contains data sets created in SAS

12. Log Window The Log Window contains a record of all commands submitted to SAS and shows errors in the commands.

13. Output Window The Output Window contains output based on SAS programs submitted in the Editor Window.

14. Results Window The Results Window shows a listing of SAS programs that have been submitted in the order that they were submitted. Click on any procedure to view all output parts of the procedure and click on any individual part to view the actual output.

15. SAS Help

16. SAS Elements • The SAS language contains; • Statements, • Expressions, • Functions and CALL routines, • Options, • Formats, and Informats - elements that many programming languages share.

17. Rules for SAS Statements • SAS statements end with a semicolon (;), • SAS statements can be entered in lowercase, uppercase, or a mixture of the two, • SAS statements can begin in any column of a line and continue writing several statements on the same line, • SAS statements can begin on one line and continue it on another line, but cannot split a word between two lines. • Words in SAS statements are separated by blanks or by special characters (such as the equal sign and the minus sign, for example WEIGHT_CLUB).

18. Rules for Most SAS Names • SAS names are used for SAS data set names, variable names, and other items. The following rules apply: •  A SAS name can contain up to 32 characters, •  The first character must be a letter or an underscore (_), •  Subsequent characters must be letters, numbers, or underscores, •  Blanks cannot appear in SAS names.

19. Special Rules for Variable Names • For variable names only, SAS remembers the combination of uppercase and lowercase letters that you use when you create the variable name. Internally, the case of letters does not matter. "CAT," "cat," and "Cat" all represent the same variable. But for presentation purposes, SAS remembers the initial case of each letter and uses it to represent the variable name when printing it.

20. Proc & Run Step • A portion of a SAS program that begins with a PROC (procedure) statement and ends with a RUN statement (or is ended by another PROC or DATA statement) is called a PROC step. • Both of the PROC steps that create the previous two outputs comprise the following elements: a PROC statement, which includes the word PROC, the name of the procedure you want to use, and the name of the SAS data set that contains the values. (If you omit the DATA= option and data set name, the procedure uses the SAS data set that was most recently created in the program.)

21. Proc & Run Step • Additional statements that give SAS more information about what you want to do, for example, the CLASS, VAR, TABLE, and TITLE statements. • A RUN statement, which indicates that the preceding group of statements is ready to be executed.

22. Data entry data x; x; y; z; run; proc print data=x; run; proc contents data=main2; run;

23. Data entry data main2; input id sex age inc x y z; cards; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 55 66 9 98 9 99 ; run; proc contents data=main2; run;

24. ? Questions

25. Thank you !