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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Function- ensure continuation of species by producing gametes and hormones Male Female. Male Reproductive System. Scrotum Testes Epididymis Vas Deferens Glands Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Bulbourethral Glands Urethra (in Penis) Penis Glans Penis.
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • Function- ensure continuation of species by producing gametes and hormones • Male • Female
Male Reproductive System • Scrotum • Testes • Epididymis • Vas Deferens • Glands • Seminal Vesicles • Prostate Gland • Bulbourethral Glands • Urethra (in Penis) • Penis • Glans Penis
Female Reproductive System • Ovaries • Fimbrae • Fallopian Tubes (oviduct) • Uterus • Cervix • Vagina • Vulva • Clitoris
Menstrual Cycle • Usually 28 days in length • Occurs in females • 4 phases: • Follicular • Ovulation • Luteal • Menstruation
Follicular Phase • Follicle (cluster of cells surrounding an egg) helps egg mature • FSH (Follicle Stimulation Hormone) & LH (Lutenizing Hormone) are increased- help egg mature • Estrogen is low, but increases to cause uterine lining to thicken
Ovulation • Process when egg is released from follicle • Egg travels through Fallopian tube (it can be fertilized here) • Increased levels of FSH & LH
Luteal Phase • Ruptured follicle turns yellow (Corpus Luteum) • Estrogen and Progesterone are released to complete lining development • During first 2 days, increased chance of pregnancy
If egg is NOT fertilized…Menstruation • Egg and Corpus Luteum will disintegrate • Estrogen and Progesterone levels decrease causing lining to detach (menstruation) • Low estrogen levels trigger stimulation of FSH & LH to start process again
If egg IS fertilized…Pregnancy • Egg is fertilized by sperm in the Fallopian tube • Zygote implants into wall of uterus • Hormones continue to be released to keep lining and start baby’s development
Fertilization & Development • Zygote/Embryo implants into uterine wall, cells begin to divide • By 3rd week, placenta forms (organ by which mother and child exchange gases and nutrients)
Development • By 3 months, most of the baby’s major organs have formed
Development • At about 4 months or so, the mother starts to visibly look pregnant
Childbirth • After 9 months, child is fully developed and ready to be born • Oxytocin (hormone) released causes contraction of uterine walls • Cervix dilates (opens) • Amniotic sac breaks (“water breaks”) • Uterus contracts to push baby out through the vagina • The “after-birth” follows- placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord still attached