1 / 73

Mammals

Mammals. Classification. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrates Class: Mammalia 20 different Orders 4400 Species Very diverse class Live on every continent & in every ocean. Napping...go away!!. Costa Rica. Key Mammalian Characteristics. 1. Endothermic :

dbarnes
Download Presentation

Mammals

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mammals

  2. Classification • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Subphylum: Vertebrates • Class: Mammalia • 20 different Orders • 4400 Species • Very diverse class • Live on every continent & in every ocean

  3. Napping...go away!! Costa Rica

  4. Key Mammalian Characteristics • 1. Endothermic: • Warm-blooded • Can live in any climate • Regulate internal temperature • VERY ACTIVE

  5. Key Mammalian Characteristics • 1. Endothermic: • Subcutaneous fat(under our skin) • Form insulation • Protection of internal organs

  6. Key Mammalian Characteristics • 1. Endothermic: • Sweat glands or panting, shedding • To cool down

  7. Key Mammalian Characteristics 2. Hair/Fur • Insulation • Camouflage • Protection Lanugo

  8. Key Mammalian Characteristics 3. Completely divided 4 chambered heart • Has a complete septum • Very efficient heart b/c clean & dirty blood never mix

  9. Key Mammalian Characteristics 4. Milk production (mammary glands)-modified sweat glands • Used by the female to feed young • Teats (provide milk from mammary glands)

  10. Key Mammalian Characteristics • Milk production Milk contains: • Protein • Vitamins • Fat • Calcium (sm. amt.) • Water

  11. Key Mammalian Characteristics 5.Single Jawbone • Lower jawbone is single 1 1

  12. 6. Specialized Teeth • Back teeth: chewing, grinding, crushing, slicing • Molars: grind food • Pre-molars: grind food

  13. 6. Specialized Teeth • Front Teeth: biting, cutting, seizing prey • Canines: grip & puncture prey • Incisors: to cut • 1st place physical digestion occurs

  14. Teeth and Skull Did you know that bone is 5X stronger than steel?

  15. Teeth and Skull

  16. History of Mammals • Evolved from mammal-like reptiles • Mammals & dinosaurs evolved @ same time (mice-size) • Once dinos went extinct • most successful at finding food • became larger

  17. Monotremes • Oviparity • Egg layers • lay 1-2 leathery eggs per year • feeds off yolk of egg • mammary glands • Live in New Guinea and Australia

  18. Marsupials • 280 species of marsupials • Ex. Opossum (live in US), kangaroo, koala • Viviparity • Give birth to live young • Develop in uterus(sm period of time) • Under-developed young crawl out of vagina into pouch where they feed off teats Kangaroo Birth Video

  19. Placental • 19 orders of placental animals • Viviparity • Give birth to live young-uterus, placenta, umbilical cord (provides nourishment to fetus from mother) • Gestation period (time it takes for full fetal development) • Cared for by parents • Fed w/ mammary glands until old enough to feed on own

  20. Gestation Periods 40 weeks 92 weeks 15 weeks 4 weeks 71 weeks 36 weeks

  21. Digestive System – Write Small**More Info in Unit Review** • To break down food into useable molecules= carried to cells via blood • 1) Mouth-teeth physical digestion • 2) Salivary glands • Produce saliva • Contains enzyme amylase • Chemical digestion of carbohydrates

  22. Digestive System • 3) Esophagus • Passageway for food from mouth to stomach • peristalsis: Wave-like motion that pushes food to stomach • 4) Cardiac Sphincter • End of esophagus, beginning of stomach • Ring of muscle • Keeps food moving in 1 direction • “heart burn” if food moves back into esophagus from sphincter

  23. Digestive System • 5) Stomach • Muscular sac which digests proteins • Physical digestion in form of churning • Chemical in form of HCl + pepsin to break down proteins • Special lining to protect from acid; can lead to ulcer • Chyme- undigested food+enzyme+acid

  24. Stomach

  25. Digestive System • 6) Pyloric Sphincter • Ring of muscle which keeps food moving from stomach to sm. intestine • 7) Small Intestine • ~20-21 ft. long • 3 sections • Duodenum: 10“ carries chyme to jejunum • Jejunum: 8’ carbs, proteins, lipids digestion; absorbed into blood • Ileum: 13’ takes undigested material to large intestine • Has villi

  26. Villi in Small Intestine -Villi increases surface area

  27. 8. Large Intestine larger diameter 3 ft. long to remove excess water too much water absorbed=constipation too little water absorbed=diarrhea 9. Rectum & Anus holds solid waste until expelled (rectum) exit (anus) Digestive System

  28. Caecum/Appendix • Caecum-pig • “dead-end” • Helps digest plant material • Appendix-humans • No apparent function

  29. Rumen • Sheep, cows • Regurgitate-cud

  30. Digestive System-Accessory Organs(don’t pass thru) • Gall bladder • Stores bile: for the digestion of lipids • Pancreas- • pancreatic amylase- carbs • lipase-lipids • pepsinogen- proteins • sends these enzymes to small intestine

  31. Liver

  32. Gall Bladder Under Liver

  33. Stomach and Pancreas

  34. Pancreas

  35. To Digest… Ingest Chew 10 to 30 times Swallow 4 to 8 seconds Churn 2 to 4 hours Absorb 3 to 5 hours Compact 10 hours to several days! Eliminate

  36. Respiratory System**more info in unit review** • To transports O2 and CO2 from atmosphere to the cells • Two types • External: air thru nose to lungs • Internal: gases w/ in blood are exchanged w/ cells

  37. Respiratory System • Nostrils/Nares- with hair to trap particles • Pharynx- food & air • Epiglottis small flap to separate food & air passage • Trachea- made of rings of cartilage so it doesn’t collapse “windpipe”

  38. Salivary Glands and Larynx Trachea

  39. Respiratory System • Bronchi-lead to lungs • Bronchioles- little tubes • Alveoli- little air sacs • Pleura • Secretes slippery fluid to reduce friction • Surrounds the lungs

  40. Respiratory System

  41. Respiratory System

  42. Respiratory System • What happens when you run & it’s cold outside?

  43. Avg. Pack of Cigarettes 2hrs. & 20 minutes OFF YOUR LIFE!!!

  44. Circulatory System • Heart is main organ • Veins-carry blood to heart • Arteries-carry blood away from heart • Heart lies in center of chest/ thoracic cavity btw. lungs • Underneath sternum(breast bone) • 4 chambers • 2 sides • Divided by a complete septum • Spleen-destroys or recycles old red blood cells

  45. Liver and Spleen

  46. Circulatory System • Right • Pumps dirty blood (CO2) to lungs • pulmonary • Left • Pumps clean blood (O2) to body • systemic

  47. 60,000 miles of blood vessels

  48. STUDY blood pathway paragraph in notes!! Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein

  49. Superior Vena Cava • Pulmonary Artery (dO2 blood) to Lungs • Pulmonary Vein (O2 blood) from Lungs • Right Atrium • Tricuspid Valve • Semilunar Valves (Pulmonary & Aortic) • Inferior Vena Cava • Right Ventricle • Septum • Left Ventricle (MOST MUSCULAR-PUMP) • Bicuspid/Mitral Valve • Left Atrium • Aorta LABEL HEART DIAGRAM

  50. Male Posterior View

More Related