Understanding Clauses: Types and Examples

1. Sentence TypesMs. Currie – Advanced Language Arts

2. Clauses • A clause is a group of words that includes at least a subject and a verb. • It always contains a subject that acts through a verb.

3. Difference Between a Phrase and a Clause? • Phrase doesn’t have a subject that acts through a verb. • A clause DOES have a subject that acts through a verb.

4. Examples: PHRASE CLAUSE before the summer ended… (the “summer” is doing something – it’s ending) Because the wolf hid out in the forest… (there is a subject doing something – the wolf is hiding) In the nick of time (no verb) Tripping merrily along… (no subject)

5. 2 Types of Clauses • Independent Clauses: clauses that can stand alone • Dependent Clauses: • (also called Subordinate Clauses) clauses that cannot stand alone • Noun Clause • Adjective Clause • Adverb Clause

6. I went to the bonfire after the game. “I went to the bonfire” could be a stand-alone sentence, and thus it is an independent clause. Independent Clauses

7. Noun Clause: a dependent clase that acts like a noun Adjective Clause: a dependent clause that acts like an adjective Adverb Clause: a dependent clause that acts like an adverb 3 Types of Dependent Clauses

8. When the circus gets to town, we’ll go to see the elephants. “When the circus gets to town” cannot be a full sentence. Dependent Clauses

9. Noun Clause I don’t know why he did that. Acts as a noun…

10. Adjective Clause He really loved the jacket that she sold to him. Modifies the noun, so it acts like an adjective

11. Adverb Clause All the kids tried to eat their popsicles before they melted in the hot sun. Modifies the verb, so it acts like an adverb

12. Types of Sentences

13. Simple Sentence: The llama from Peru is named Stew. Compound Sentence: Stew, the llama, often eats hay, but he has an affinity for strawberries. Complex Sentence: Galloping through the meadows of Ecuador, Stew often looks for strawberries. Compound-Complex Sentence: When Stew goes to the grocery store, he doesn’t buy any meat because he is an herbivore.

14. F = for A = and N = nor B = but O = or Y =yet S = so FANBOYS

15. Formulas Used to Create Sentences: Simple Sentence: Independent Clause (IC) Compound Sentence: IC + FANBOYS + IC = Compound Sentence Complex Sentence: IC + DC = Compound Sentence Compound Complex Sentence: DC + IC + FANBOYS + IC = Compound Complex Sentence

16. Copy the following sentences and tell which type of sentence each one is. • Most young people in the Middle Ages spent their time on farm work, and they never learned reading and writing. • Rick and Jose’ Hernandez enjoy hearing their father’s stories because of the clever way he performs them. • Mr. Hernandez pulls a cape across his face so that the stranger looks mysterious. • If a young boy lived in a city, he could work for an artisan, and he could receive on-the-job training. • Fourteen-year-old Marsha was born with both of her legs broken. • Sometimes Marsha feels lots of pain. • Although it was crowded and cramped, daily life in a medieval city could be lively and exciting. • The audience laughs when Mr. Hernandez portrays the naughty children stuck to the pear tree. • Marsha works hard on her school work. • Max loves mysteries, and he has read every story about the detective Sherlock Holmes.

17. Were You Right? • Simple • Complex • Complex • Compound-complex • Simple • Simple • Complex • Complex • Simple • Compound