Waves

1. Waves S8P4: Students will explore the wave nature of sound and electromagnetic radiation.

2. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS:Students will understand that: • Energy is neither created nor destroyed; it can be transformed from one form to another. • Waves carry energy. • Mechanical waves are created when a source of energy causes a medium to vibrate. • Waves can change direction (refract, diffract, and/or reflect) when they encounter matter.

3. The energy of the wave changes as it travels from one medium to another. • The wavelength and amplitude determines the characteristics of waves. • The pitch of a sound wave is related to its frequency and its intensity is related to its amplitude. • The characteristics of waves are affected by the type of medium. • The colors observed by the eye are the result of the multiple wavelengths reflected by the object.

4. Identify the characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical waves. • Electromagnetic waves: • Can travel through a vacuum • Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of EM waves • EM waves can interact with mediums (absorption, reflection, diffraction, refraction)

5. Electromagnetic Spectrum: • An EM wave’s frequency determines the wave’s characteristics. • The higher the frequency, the more energy the wave carries. • Radio waves are long, low-energy EM waves • Infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light have mid-range wavelengths and frequencies • X-rays and gamma rays have short wavelengths and high frequencies. High-energy waves.

6. Mechanical Waves: • Travel through a material, called a medium, transferring energy • The medium moves as the wave passes through it, but returns to its former position after the wave passes • Transverse wave- travels in the direction perpendicular to the disturbance that caused it • Ocean wave, seismic wave, rope wave • Longitudinal wave- travels in the same direction as the disturbance that caused it • Sound wave, slinky wave when laying flat

7. Describe how the behavior of light waves is manipulated causing reflection, refraction, diffraction, and absorption. • EM waves can interact with material mediums in the same way as mechanical waves do. • reflection, refraction, and diffraction. • Objects that transmit most of the light that strikes them appear transparent. • Objects that transmit some of the light that strikes them but cause it to scatter appear translucent. • Opaque objects do not transmit light.

9. Explain how the human eye sees objects and colors in terms of wavelengths. • Visible light reflected from an object gives it color • a green leaf reflects green wavelengths and absorbs all other visible wavelengths.

10. Describe how the behavior of waves is affected by medium (such as air, water, solids). • Since waves move through matter (a medium) the arrangement of the particles affects the speed at which it travels • Waves move faster through solids • Waves move slower through gases such as air

11. Relate the properties of sound to everyday experiences. • High frequency sound waves create a higher pitch sound • Lower frequency sound waves create a low pitch sound

12. Diagram the parts of the wave and explain how the parts are affected by changes in amplitude and pitch.

13. Pitch is associated with the frequency of a sound wave- the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. • Loudness and Energy level is associated with amplitude- the higher the amplitude the more energy or louder the sound