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A gerund is an ing-form, e.g. walking.

A gerund is an ing-form, e.g. walking. Walking is good for you. Gerund forms. Active Passive Simple playing being played Perfect having having been played played.

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A gerund is an ing-form, e.g. walking.

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  1. A gerund is an ing-form, e.g.walking. Walking is good for you.

  2. Gerund forms ActivePassive Simpleplaying being played Perfecthaving having been played played

  3. A simple gerund is the ing-form of a verb, e.g. meeting, dancing, jogging. • It was nice meetingyou. • Dancingis not allowed.

  4. We use a perfect gerund for something before the time of the main clause Sarah remembered having visited the place before. (The visit was before the memory.)

  5. But we do not need to use the perfect if it is clear from the context that the time was earlier. Sarah remembered visiting the place before. = Sarah remembered having visited the place before.

  6. Preposition + gerund

  7. verb + preposition adjective + preposition noun + preposition

  8. We believe in giving people the freedom to choose. My husband isn't very good at cooking. It's just a matter of filling in a form.

  9. verb + preposition Jake is thinking of selling his motor-bike. Sue insists on readingthe letter. Let's get on with addressing the envelopes.

  10. admit to benefit from get on with rely on(dis)agree with care for insist on resort toaim at confess to object to succeed in apologize for count on pay for think of(dis)approve of depend on put up with vote for believe in feel like

  11. With most of the verbs in this pattern, the gerund can have a subject. • Sue insists on everyone reading the letter.

  12. We can also use verbs with about e.g. talk about, think about, worry about

  13. The pattern They prevented me from speaking a verb + object + preposition

  14. I'd like to congratulate you on breakingthe world record. • The article accuses the government of concealingimportant information.

  15. accuse ...ofblame... for charge... withcongratulate ...on deter... from forgive... for stop... fromdiscourage... from prevent... from strike ...as excuse... for punish... for thank... forexcuse... from remind ...of use... for

  16. We can also use verbs with about, e.g. tell, inform, warn. I warned you about leaving your money around.

  17. In the passive, the preposition comes directly after the verb. The government is accused of concealing important information.

  18. adjective + preposition I'm nervous of saying the wrong thing. What's wrong with borrowing a little money?

  19. afraid ofamazed at angry about/atannoyed about/at anxious aboutashamed of aware ofbad at bored withcapable of content withdependent on different from/toexited about/at famous forfed up with fond ofgood at grateful forguilty of happy about/withinterested in keen onnervous of pleased about/withready for responsible forsatisfied with sorry about/forsuccessful in surprised atused to worried aboutwrong with

  20. Noun + preposition • I noticed Jeff’s success in gettingthe price reduced. • We expressed our gratitude for having had the opportunity.

  21. advantage of/in excitement about/at possibility ofaim of/in expense of/in problem of/inamazement at prospect of anger about/at gratitude for purpose of/in annoyance about/at idea of question about/of

  22. anxiety about insistence on reason for apology for interest in satisfaction with awareness of job of success in belief in matter of surprise at boredom with objection to task of danger of/in pleasure of/in work of difficulty (in) point of/in worry about effect of

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