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STI trends in OECD countries

STI trends in OECD countries. Giorgio Sirilli Research Director. Outline. The OECD Trends in science, technology and innovation in the OECD countries Some reference to the Russian Federation Use of OECD reports : STI Review , STI Scoreboard Country Reviews. La Muette.

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STI trends in OECD countries

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  1. STI trends in OECD countries Giorgio SirilliResearch Director

  2. Outline The OECD Trends in science, technology and innovation in the OECD countries Some referenceto the RussianFederation Useof OECD reports: STI Review, STI Scoreboard CountryReviews

  3. La Muette Located at La Muette in Paris

  4. La Muette

  5. La Muette La Muette in the timesof Louis XV Montgolfier - 21 November 1783

  6. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

  7. The NESTI Group

  8. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Established in 1961 Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America.

  9. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Based in Paris Founded in 1961 The OECD originated in 1948 as the OrganisationforEuropeanEconomicCo-operation (OEEC), to help administer the Marshall Planfor the reconstructionofEuropeafter World War II. Membership There are currently34 membersof the OECD. The listincludes 21 of the 28 EuropeanUnionmemberstates, allexcept Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Romania. The EuropeanCommissionparticipates in the work of the OECD alongside the EU MemberStates. Currently in accessiontalks: Russia, Colombia, Latvia Likelyto open accessiontalks in 2015: Costa Rica, Lithuania

  10. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

  11. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) • The missionof the OECD istopromotepoliciesthatwillimprove the economic and social well-beingof people around the world. • The OECD: • provides a forum in whichgovernments can work togetherto share experiences and seeksolutionsto common problems, • work withgovernmentstounderstandwhatdriveseconomic, social and environmentalchange, • -measuresproductivity and global flowsoftrade and investment, • analyses and compare datatopredict future trends, • setinternationalstandards on a wide rangeofthings, fromagriculture and taxto the safetyofchemicals.

  12. The OECD role and operation The OECD actsbypeerpressuretoimprove policy and implement "soft law"—non-bindinginstrumentsthat can occasionallyleadtobindingtreaties. In this work, the OECD cooperateswithbusinesses, withtradeunionsand withotherrepresentativesofcivil society. Collaboration at the OECD regardingtaxation, forexample, hasfostered the growthof a global web ofbilateraltaxtreaties.

  13. The structure of OECD: The Directorates CentreforEntrepreneurship, SMEs and LocalDevelopment CentreforTax Policy and Administration DevelopmentCo-operationDirectorate DirectorateforEducation DirectorateforEmployment, Labour, and Social Affairs Directoratefor Financial and EnterpriseAffairs Directoratefor Science, Technology, and Industry EconomicsDepartment EnvironmentDirectorate Public Governance and TerritorialDevelopmentDirectorate StatisticsDirectorate Trade and AgricultureDirectorate GeneralSecretariat Executive Directorate Public Affairs and CommunicationDirectorate

  14. The structure of the OECD The OECD's structureconsistsofthreemainelements: - The OECD membercountries, eachrepresentedby a delegation led byanambassador. Together, theyform the OECD Council. MembercountriesactcollectivelythroughCouncil (and its Standing Committees) toprovide direction and guidanceto the work ofOrganization. - The OECD SubstantiveCommittees, oneforeach work area of the OECD, plus theirvarietyofsubsidiarybodies. Committeemembers are typicallysubject-matterexpertsfrommember and non-membergovernments. The Committeesoverseeall the work on eachtheme (publications, task forces, conferences, and so on). Committeemembersthenrelay the conclusionstotheircapitals. - The OECD Secretariat, led by the Secretary-General, providessupportto Standing and SubstantiveCommittees. ItisorganizedintoDirectorates, which include about2,500 staff.

  15. The OECD budget The work of the secretariatisfinancedfrom the OECD's annual budget, currentlyaround US$510 million (€342.9 million). The budget isfundedby the membercountriesbased on a formula relatedto the sizeofeachmember's grossnationalproduct. The largestcontributoris the UnitedStates, whichcontributesaboutonequarterof the budget, followedby Japan with 16%, Germanywith 9% and the UK and France with 7%. The OECD governingcouncilsets the budget and scope of work on a two-yearlybasis.

  16. The OECD statistics and publications • Statistics • The OECD isknownas a statisticalagency, asitpublishescomparablestatistics on a wide numberofsubjects. • OECD statistics are available in severalforms: • - asinteractivedatabases on iLibrarytogetherwith key comparative and countrytables, • - asstaticfiles or dynamic database views on the OECD Statisticsportal, • asStatLinks (in most OECD books, thereis a URL thatlinksto the underlying data). • Books • The OECD releasesbetween 300 and 500 bookseachyear. • Magazine • OECD Observer

  17. The OECD: a consensus organisation

  18. Criticisms to the OECD The OECD hasbeencriticisedbyseveralcivil society groups and developingcountries. The maincriticismhasbeen the narrownessof the OECD becauseofitslimitedmembershipto a selectfewrichnations. In 1997–1998 the draftMultilateral Agreement on Investmentwasheavilycriticizedbyseveralnon-governmentalorganisations and developingcountries. Manycriticsarguedthat the agreement wouldthreatenprotectionofhumanrights, labor and environmentalstandards, and the leastdevelopedcountries. A particularconcernwasthat the MAI wouldresult in a 'race to the bottom' amongcountrieswillingtolowertheirlabor and environmentalstandardstoattractforeigninvestment. Also the OECD's actionsagainst competitive taxpracticeshasraisedcriticism. The primaryobjectionis the sanctityoftax policy as a matterofsovereignentitlement.

  19. Impact of the OECD Reputation (a reliable organisation) Output under-exploited Language Economic outlook PISA

  20. A broad approach of innovation policy Universities and public research Business sector Government The actors: the knowledge triangle

  21. A broad approach of innovation policy Economic Growth Environmental outcome Social outcome Scientific discovery Skills Technology Innovation Universities and public research Business sector Government Input/output and outcomes

  22. Conceptual model Economic Growth Environmental outcome Social outcome Macro IPRs economic Scientific discovery Skills Technology Innovation Universities and public research conditions conditions Business sector Framework Government Globalisation The context

  23. Conceptual model Economic Growth Environmental outcome Social outcome Macro IPRs economic Scientific discovery Skills Technology Innovation Universities and public research conditions conditions Business sector Framework Government Globalisation A friendly guide through complexity…

  24. The great challenges Maintaining jobs and economic growth in open economies requires greater competitiveness(48 million people unemployed in the OECD) The transition to a low-carbon economy and the preservation of natural resources is a major challenge Ageing will dramatically increase pressure on economic performance, social and health care, and public finances Income inequality has increased during the crisis. ICTs offer opportunities to support inclusive innovation. Education and training policies will be essential to avoid exclusion. => Calling for a “new deal” for innovation Raises the status of innovation in the policy portfolio, while seeking to - leverage private funding for innovation and - increase the impact of public action

  25. OECD publications in the area of STI

  26. STI Scoreboard

  27. Thank you for attention

  28. The OECD publications? The Holy Bible?

  29. The use of indicators A rhetoric device: a plethora of figures and graphs “In the various studies on productivity and the New Economy the OECD constantly reminded the reader that the links between science, technology and productivity have not been demonstrated”. “A large series of graphs and figures could persuade the reader of the seriousness of the study. Although no statistics could be used to prove the emergence of the New Economy, graphs and figures nevertheless served the purpose of empiricism”. (Godin, 2004)

  30. The use of indicators A rhetoric device: a plethora of figures and graphs The rhetoric of numbers Policy prescriptions based on shaking statistical evidence (New Economy) The “umbrella” concept, slogans, buzzwords, which shape new ways to arrange old indicators

  31. R&D in the world

  32. Mega trends

  33. Tangible and intangible investment

  34. Tangible and intangible investment

  35. Citizens are confident in science and technology, but … Surveys carried out across a large number of countries indicate that the public has a mainly positive view of the impact of science and technology on their personal well-being. However, the surveys do find that a significant fraction of the population has mixed or critical opinions as regards the balance of the beneficial and harmful effects of scientific research.They also suggest that non-European countries tend to have more positive views of science and technology.

  36. Citizens are confident in science and technology, but … Surveys carried out across a large number of countries indicate that the public has a mainly positive view of the impact of science and technology on their personal well-being. However, the surveys do find that a significant fraction of the population has mixed or critical opinions as regards the balance of the beneficial and harmful effects of scientific research.They also suggest that non-European countries tend to have more positive views of science and technology.

  37. R&D intensity

  38. Performers of R&D

  39. R&D by type

  40. Innovation in the crisis Annual growth rate of GDP and GERD, OECD, 1993-2013 and projections to 2014 and 2015

  41. Innovation in the crisis

  42. Diverging Europe: ambituous targets National R&D spending targets and gap with current levels of GERD intensity, % of GDP, 2014 Source: OECD estimates based on OECD MSTI database, June 2014.

  43. The restructuring of the public R&D system

  44. Public research as a % of GDP

  45. Public budgets are levelling off or receiding Public R&D budgets (GBAORD), as % of GDP, 2013 compared to 2011 Source: OECD estimates based on OECD MSTI database, June 2014.

  46. Knowledge-based capital

  47. Knowledge-based capital

  48. Innovative firms and modes of innovation

  49. Colaboration in innovation

  50. EU Innovation Index: four groups

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