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Relativity

Relativity. Jennifer Keehn. “I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomena, in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details.” -Albert Einstein. What Was Known. Newton’s three laws

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Relativity

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  1. Relativity Jennifer Keehn

  2. “I want to know how God created this world. I am not interested in this or that phenomena, in the spectrum of this or that element. I want to know His thoughts; the rest are details.” -Albert Einstein

  3. What Was Known • Newton’s three laws • Maxwell’s Laws of Electromagnetism

  4. Special Relativity: Two Postulates • The laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers • The speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers, regardless of motion

  5. But This is Inconsistent with Classical Mechanics! • In classical mechanics, v+u=V • Einstein’s postulate says that the speed of light is independent of the motion of all observers and sources.

  6. Time Dilation Length Contraction Momentum Total Energy T=To(1-(v/c)2)-1/2 L=Lo(1-(v/c)2)1/2 P=mv(1-(v/c)2)-1/2 E=mc2(1-(v/c)2)-1/2 Consequences of Einstein’s Postulates

  7. General Relativity: Principle of Equivalence “I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me: if a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation.” -Albert Einstein

  8. Principle of Equivalence • There is no local experiment that can be done to distinguish between the effects of a uniform gravitational field in a non-accelerating inertial frame and the effects of a uniformly accelerating reference frame.

  9. General Relativity • The presence of matter causes spacetime to warp or curve. • The theory gives us a procedure for calculating the curvature of spacetime.

  10. Curvature of Space • Curvature of Space=8G/c4•(mass-energy density)

  11. Testing the General Theory of Relativity • Deflection of Starlight • First tested during total solar eclipse in 1919

  12. Slowing Down of Clocks by Gravity • Clock closer to the mass measures a shorter elapsed proper time than a clock that is further out. • Rc=2MG/c2, where Rc is the Schwarzschild radius.

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