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The Presidency: The Leadership Branch

Explore the history, functions, and power of the U.S. President within the framework of separation of powers and checks and balances. From the Electoral College to the War Powers Clause, understand the role and limitations of the Presidency.

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The Presidency: The Leadership Branch

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  1. Analyze this picture. What does the picture imply about the president? Would you agree or disagree?

  2. The Presidency: The Leadership Branch Objective: To understand the history and basic functions of our President, and analyze the President’s power within the relationship of separation of power and checks and balances.

  3. The Framers • Realized the importance of “energy” within the presidency. • Worried about the possibility of a tyrant. • Settled on the Electoral College system.

  4. Electoral College • Voters cast ballots for competing slates of electors, who would in turn cast their votes for president. • “indirect election” • Also created vice presidency

  5. Qualifications: President and VP. • 1) 35 years of age • 2) natural-born citizens as opposed to immigrant who become citizens by applying to the U.S. goernment for naturalization • 3) residents of the US for the previous fourteen years. • (prevent popular foreign born citizen from taking office)

  6. Presidential Ticket • The president is whoever receives the most votes • VP is whoever receives the second most votes • What would be the problem with this?

  7. Twelfth Amendment: Presidential Ticket • Jefferson and Burr tie with 73 electoral votes a piece. • Thrown into the House of Reps. • Electors are allowed to cast two votes. One for President/one for vice.

  8. Lead army and navy Raise armies Build and equip fleets, Enforce treaties Suppress and repel invasions Commander n Chief

  9. “Limitations” Congress appropriates money for the purchase of arms and military pay and sole authority to declare war. Senate approves high-level military promotions.

  10. Diplomat n Chief • Treaties and executive agreements with foreign leaders. • Senate must “ratify” treaties

  11. Administrator and Chief • Day to day operations of the “federal bureaucracy.” • Appoints ambassadors, judges, and heads of executive offices. (subject to Senatorial approval.)

  12. Other Appointees • 2,000 jobs are not subject to Senatorial Approval. • Choose appointees on the basis of party loyalty, interest group pressue, and management ability.

  13. Others • Veto • Pardons • Take Care Clause (inherent powers) • Inform and Convene Congress (State of the Union)

  14. Succession • President • Vice President • Speaker of the House • President Pro Tempore • Secretary of State • Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of Defense

  15. War Powers Clause 1973 • President must notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops • Cannot keep troops in territory for more than 60 days, with 30 days withdrawal time (90 days total) without Congressional authorization or declaration of war.

  16. Cabinet • President • Vice President • Advisory council for the president, consisting of the heads of the executive departments (15 altogether.) • May also include others (Homeland Security/Chief of Staff)

  17. Departments: Department of……. Justice HUD State Transportation Treasury Energy Defense Education Interior Veterans Affairs Agriculture Homeland Security Commerice Labor Health and Human Services

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