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Module 22: Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis

Module 22: Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis. Defining Consciousness. Consciousness States of consciousness Sleep Wake Altered states. Defining Consciousness. Hypnosis. Hypnosis. Hypnosis Hypnotic induction Hypnosis as an altered state?.

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Module 22: Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis

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  1. Module 22:Understanding Consciousness and Hypnosis

  2. Defining Consciousness • Consciousness • States of consciousness • Sleep • Wake • Altered states

  3. Defining Consciousness

  4. Hypnosis

  5. Hypnosis • Hypnosis • Hypnotic induction • Hypnosis as an altered state?

  6. HypnosisFrequently Asked Questions About Hypnosis • Can Anyone Experience Hypnosis? • Postural sway • Susceptibility • Can Hypnosis Enhance Recall of Forgotten Events? • Can Hypnosis Force People to Act Against Their Will? • Can Hypnosis Be Therapeutic? • Hypnotherapists • Posthypnotic suggestion • Can Hypnosis Alleviate Pain?

  7. HypnosisExplaining the Hypnotized State: Hypnosis as a Social Phenomenon • “Good hypnotic subjects” • Social influence theory

  8. HypnosisExplaining the Hypnotized State: Hypnosis as Divided Consciousness • Hilgard • Dissociation • Unified account of hypnosis

  9. HypnosisLevels of Analysis for Hypnosis

  10. Module 23:Sleep Patterns and Sleep Theories

  11. Biological Rhythms and SleepCircadian Rhythm • Circadian rhythm • 24 hour cycle • Temperature changes • Circadian rhythm and age

  12. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Measuring Sleeps Activity • Eye Movements • Muscle Tension • EEG Patterns • Beta Waves • Alpha Waves • Delta Waves

  13. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Parts of sleep • Waking Beta Waves • Waking Alpha Waves • NonREM Sleep-Stages 1-3 • REM Sleep-4-5

  14. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Stages of Sleep • Stage 1 (Alpha Waves) • Awake relaxed • Stage 2 (NREM-1) • Hallucinations-hypnagogic sensations • Sleep talking occurs • Bursts of rapid rhythmic brain activity • Stage 3 (NREM-2) • Sleep spindles-bursts of brain activity • Asleep, but easily awaken • Stage 4 (NREM-3) • Deep Sleep-Hard to wake someone up. • End of stage 4 children sleep walk and wet the bed

  15. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages • Parts of sleep • REM Sleep • Typical night-90 min cycle • As night goes on, stage 4 gets briefer and disappers and REM and stage 2 get deeper • EEG Patterns • Paradoxical Sleep • Internally aroused, externally calm

  16. Biological Rhythms and SleepSleep Stages: What Affects Our Sleep Patterns? • Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) • melatonin

  17. Sleep TheoriesTed Talk • Sleep theories • Sleep protects • Sleeps helps recuperation • Memory storage • Sleep and creative thinking • Sleep and growth

  18. Module 24:Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams

  19. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders

  20. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss

  21. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss

  22. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss • US Navy and NIH studies • Age and sleep loss • Chronic sleep loss • Springs and fall time changes

  23. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss

  24. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss

  25. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss: Major Sleep Disorders • Sleep disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy

  26. Sleep Deprivation and Sleep DisordersEffects of Sleep Loss: Major Sleep Disorders • Sleep disorders • Sleep apnea • Night terrors • Sleepwalking/ sleep talking

  27. Dreams

  28. DreamsWhat We Dream • Dreams • Manifest content • Latent content

  29. DreamsWhy We Dream • To satisfy our own wishes • To file away memories • To develop/preserve neural pathways • To make sense of neural static • To reflect cognitive development • REM rebound

  30. DreamsWhy We Dream

  31. Module 25:Psychoactive Drugs

  32. Tolerance and Addiction

  33. Tolerance and AddictionAddiction • Substance Use Disorder • Psychoactive Drugs • Tolerance • Addiction • Withdrawal

  34. Types of Psychoactive Drugs

  35. Types of Psychoactive Drugs • Three types of psychoactive drugs • Depressants • Stimulants • Hallucinogens

  36. Types of Psychoactive DrugsDepressants • Depressants • Alcohol • Barbiturates (tranquilizers) • Opiates

  37. Types of Psychoactive DrugsDepressants: Alcohol • Disinhibition • Slowed neural processing • Memory disruption • Reduced self-awareness and self-control • Expectancy effects

  38. Types of Psychoactive DrugsDepressants: Barbiturates and Opiates • Barbiturate (tranquilizers) • Opiates • Endorphins

  39. Types of Psychoactive DrugsStimulants • Stimulants • Caffeine • Nicotine • Amphetamines • Cocaine - crack • Methamphetamine • Ecstasy (MDMA)

  40. Types of Psychoactive DrugsStimulants: Cocaine

  41. Types of Psychoactive DrugsStimulants: Methamphetamine • Methamphetamine • Amphetamine • Dopamine • Effects and Aftereffects

  42. Types of Psychoactive DrugsStimulants: Ecstasy (MDMA) • Ecstasy • MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) • Dopamine and Serotonin • “Club Drug”

  43. Types of Psychoactive DrugsHallucinogens • Hallucinogens (psychedelics) • LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) • Acid • Near death experience • Marijuana • THC

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