U.S. Space-Based PNT: A Program and Policy Review

1. U.S. Space-Based PNT: A Program and Policy Review Hurghada, Egypt 13 April 2008 Michael Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office

2. Introduction • Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure • Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities • Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental protection, public security and science • During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) • Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance • Augmentations improve performance

3. Space-Based PNT Applications Impact A Wide Range of Economic Activities Satellite Operations Power Grid Management Trucking & Shipping Communications Network Synchronization Personal Navigation Fishing & Boating Aviation Surveying & Mapping Oil Exploration Precision Agriculture 3

4. Overview • Program • Policy • International Cooperation

5. GPS Constellation 31 Operational Satellites As of 1 Apr 2008 (Baseline Constellation: 24) • 13 Block IIA satellites • 12 Block IIR satellites • 6 Block IIR-M satellite • Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) • Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need • 2 Block IIR(M) satellites remaining • Next launch: June 2008 • Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993

6. GPS Modernization Program Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit Block IIA/IIR Block III Block IIR-M • Basic GPS • Standard Service • Single frequency (L1) • Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation • Precise Service • Y-Code (L1Y and L2Y) • Y-Code navigation • Backward compatibility • 4th civil signal (L1C) • Increased accuracy • Assured availability • Increased security • System survivability • Begin launch ~2014 • IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus • 2nd civil signal (L2C) • M-Code (L1M and L2M) • Currently being launched • IIF: IIR-M capability plus • 3rd civil signal (L5) • Begin launch 2009 Block, IIF

7. Modernized GPS – Civil Signals • Second civil signal “L2C” • Designed to meet commercial needs • Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction • Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014 • Third civil signal “L5” • Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety-of-life • Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band • Begins with GPS Block IIF • 1st launch: ~2008(GPS IIR-M Demo);~2009(GPS IIF); 24 satellites: ~2016 • Fourth civil signal “L1C” • Designed with international partners for GNSS interoperability • Begins with GPS Block III • First launch: ~2014; 24 satellites: ~2021

8. GPS Modernization • New GPS Operational Control Segment -- Sep 2007 • 5 new monitor stations integrated into network • 6 more in 2008 • Upgrading GPS ground segment – OCX – 2012 - 2016 • Will implement full functionality for L2C and L5 • Contract awarded – Jan 2008 • Acquiring next generation of GPS satellites – GPS IIIA • In source selection • Anticipate contract award Spring 2008 • GPS SPS Performance Standard update in progress • Apr 2008

9. GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Alaska England Schriever AFB Colorado S Korea Vandenberg AFB California USNO Cape Canaveral Hawaii Bahrain Kwajalein Ecuador Tahiti Diego Garcia Ascension S Africa Argentina Australia New Zealand Ground Antenna Master Control Station OCS Monitor Station Monitor Station Backup Master Control Station NGA Monitor Station Ground Antenna Future Monitor Station Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)

10. Continuous Performance Improvement Key measures of effectiveness to evaluate GPS services • Accuracy • Bounded inaccuracy • Assured availability • Integrity • Resistance to RF interference/jamming Accuracy Performance Standard Decreasing range error Year

11. U.S. Policy History • 1978: First GPS satellite launched • 1983: U.S. President offers free civilian access to GPS • 1996: U.S. policy establishes joint civil/military GPS management • 1997: U.S. Congress passes law that civil GPS shall be provided free of direct user fees • 2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero” • 2004: U.S. President issues U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT • 2007: U.S. President announces Selective Availability will no longer be built into modernized GPS III satellites

12. U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy Overview • No direct user fees for civil GPS services • Open public signal structures for all civil services • Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services • Facilitates open market-driven competition • Encourage use of GPS time, geodesy and signal standards • Promote global compatibility and interoperability of future systems with GPS • Protect the current radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference • Recognition of national and international security issues and protect against misuse

13. National Space-Based PNT Policy • Recognizes the changing international scene • Other nations are implementing space-based systems that provide PNT services • National Executive Committee for Space-Based PNT • Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and Transportation • Membership includes: State, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Homeland Security, Joint Chiefs of Staff and NASA • Established National Coordination Office with staff from each member agency

14. Defense Transportation State Interior NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Agriculture Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation National Space-Based PNT Organization Structure WHITE HOUSE Ad HocWorking Groups

15. Advisory Board • Conducts assessments; makes recommendations to the Executive Committee in support of national policy goals and objectives for space-based PNT • Twenty-four members; 6 international members • Met twice in 2007 • Last meeting: 27-28 March 2008

16. Key Executive Committee Activities Eight meetings since 2006 • Five-Year National Space-Based PNT Plan • Summarizes EXCOM agency planning for development, acquisition, sustainment and modernization of U.S. space-based PNT systems • Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan • Department of Homeland Security coordinating U.S. capabilities to detect and mitigate sources of interference to GPS and its augmentations • National PNT Architecture • Provides national PNT framework/investment strategy to help guide future PNT system-of-systems investment– 2025 timeframe • International Cooperation and Consultation • Compatibility and interoperability with other foreign systems

17. U.S. Space Based PNT Policy • Demonstrates U.S. Government commitment to space-based PNT for all stakeholders • Provides framework for public/private decision makers • Improves ability to coordinate efforts across the various agencies of the U.S. Government • Creates basis for meaningful dialogue between service providers and end users • Promotes common standards for compatibility and interoperability with other space-based PNT systems

18. U.S. Objectives with Other GNSS Service Providers • Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space based PNT services operating separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal • Radio frequency compatibility • Spectral separation between M code and other signals • Achieve interoperability – ability of civil U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services operating together to provide better user capabilities than by relying on one service or signal • Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals Pursue through Bi-lateral and Multi-lateral Cooperation

19. International Committee on GNSS (ICG)and Providers Forum • ICG was established November 2006 • Promote the use of GNSS and its integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries and encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems • Members include: GNSS providers (U.S., EU, Russia, China, India, Japan), international organizations and associations • U.S. to host ICG-3 in Pasadena, Dec 2008 • Providers Forum established at ICG-2, Sep 2007 • Six providers listed above are members • Enables focused discussions on compatibility and interoperability • Consensus reached on the general definitions of compatibility and interoperability - including spectral separation between each system’s authorized service signals and other systems’ signals

20. Web-based Information • PNT.gov established to provide a source for information about U.S. Space Based PNT Program including: • U.S. policy, Executive Committee membership, Advisory Board and frequently asked questions • Announcements about Selective Availability and offer letter to International Civil Aviation Organization • Recent public presentations • GPS.gov established for public information about GPS applications • Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese • Brochures also available in hardcopy upon request • Links to various other Web sites

21. Summary U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing well in policy, programs and international outreach • Implementation of 2004 U.S. Policy proceeding well • U.S. space-based PNT system performance continue to Im improve into the future • International cooperation is a top U.S. priority • Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations • New GNSS applications emerging As new space-based GNSSs emerge, compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

22. Contact Information Michael E. ShawDirector U.S. National Coordination OfficeSpace-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing 1401 Constitution Ave, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20230-0001 Ph: (202) 482-5809Fax: (202) 482-4429michael.shaw@pnt.gov This presentation and other GPS information:www.pnt.gov