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Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs

Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs. Sritrusta Sukaridhoto, Yoshifumi Sasaki, Koichi Ito and Takafumi Aoki. Embedded CPU. Embedded CPU. Embedded CPU. Introduction. Home Automation. Ubiquitous environment

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Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs

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  1. Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs Sritrusta Sukaridhoto, Yoshifumi Sasaki, Koichi Ito and Takafumi Aoki

  2. Embedded CPU Embedded CPU Embedded CPU Introduction Home Automation • Ubiquitous environment • Electronics equipment in our surrounding （equipped with embedded CPU） • Connected by network http://bsc.jp.yamatake.com/products/secu_ftouchm.html Network Distributed cooperation / parallel processing Navigation System Mobiles http://www.kayoo.org/home/mext/joho-kiki/

  3. Ubiquitous Low Cost Distributed / Parallel Computing Embedded CPUs Prototyping Environment Ubiquitous Computing Cluster (UCC) Introduction Development

  4. Contents • Introduction • Cluster Computer Structures • Implementations • Performance Evaluations • Application: Fingerprint Verifications • Conclusions and Future Plans

  5. Terminal HUB 100Mbps LAN Connections Node#3 Node#2 Node#1 Node#0 Embedded Devices Power consumption: 60W (TYP) Cluster Computer Structures Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Hardware

  6. CPU SH4 (SH7751R, 266MHz) Memory 64MB SDRAM HDD 120GB, ATA133, 5400rpm NIC 10/100 BASE-T (RTL-8139C+) I/F USB 2.0×2port Power 14W(TYP) Cluster Computer Structures Specification of Calculation Node • Embedded Network Attached Storage (NAS) • Include: Embedded CPU（SH4），memory，USB I/F，network I/F，HDD. Able to act as network computer • Logically have function as general computer． • Small space, low power consumption

  7. Cluster Computer Structures Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Software • Operating System • Debian GNU Linux 2.4.21 for SH4 • Stable inter-processor communication • Compact kernel and daemons • Servers and daemons • Inter-processor communication（rsh, rexec, rcp） • login（telnet），file transfer（FTP） • Network File sharing（NFS），Network Information Services (NIS) • Development environment • compiler (GNU gcc-3.0.4, g++, Fortran77) • editor (GNU Emacs, vi) • Parallel process interface (MPI, PVM)

  8. Terminal Login, File Transfer （telnet, FTP） Inter-process communication (rsh） Node#3 Node#2 Node#1 Node#0 Cluster Computer Structures How it works ??? UCC HUB 100Mbps Fast Ethernet Node#0is also working as administrator server (NIS, NFS）

  9. Terminal UCC HUB 100Mbps Fast Ethernet Node#3 Node#2 Node#1 Node#0 Cluster Computer Structures • Computing node is embedded CPU • Suitable for prototyping the next generation computer • Using COTS product • Low cost system • Using Linux as Operating System • A stable inter-processor communication • Open Source Embedded Devices COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf

  10. Features • Size： 390mm×280mm×150mm，Power Consumption： 60W(TYP)

  11. Login to Node#0 Terminal Node#3 Node#2 Node#1 Node#0 • Run: mpirun –np 4 hello Hello world! from 0 of 4 Hello world! from 1 of 4 Hello world! from 2 of 4 Hello world! from 3 of 4 Implementation • Write a parallel program: hello.c • #include "mpi.h" • #include <stdio.h> • void main(int argc, char *argv[]) • { • int numprocs, prognum; • /* Initialize MPI */ • MPI_Init(&argc, &argv); • MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procnum); • MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs); • printf ("Hello world! from %d of %d", procnum, numprocs); • MPI_Finalize(); • return; • } UCC HUB • Compile: mpicc –o hello hello.c

  12. Advance Application • USB port  connect to another devices (Fingerprint sensor, USB-Audio, Camera, etc) Speech / Voice Recognition System Fingerprint Verification System Image Processing System

  13. Performance Evaluations • Pallas MPI Benchmark (PMB)* • :Performance evaluationsfor MPI communication • Ping-Pong measuring delay time when transferring data between 2 processors • Broadcast measuring the biggest delay time when transferring from node#0 to the other nodes. *http://www.pallas.com/e/products/pmb/

  14. Performance Evaluations (cont.) • ping-pong communication test • The biggest transfer ability is 70 Mbps • It gives enough performance using 100 Mbps ethernet

  15. Performance Evaluations (cont.) • Communication broadcast test • The biggest broadcast communication ability is around 36Mbps • It gives enough performance using ordinary HUB

  16. Node#3 Node#2 Node#1 Node#0 Application: Fingerprint Verifications • Distributed processing for verifying the fingerprint in a database. • Fingerprint matching algorithm→ POC Registered Fingerprint Input Fingerprint Fingerprint Sensor Fingerprint matching in each node using POC

  17. DFT DFT correlation Input image 1 phase amplitude DFT DFT Standard image amplitude phase correlation DFT DFT phase Example of Phase-Only Correlation Input image ２ amplitude What is Phase-Only Correlation (POC) ? • correlation using only image phase component • according to similarity degree of the image, sharp peak produced • Algorithm based on signal processing

  18. #Node 0 × IFFT Fingerprint image #Node 1 FFT Registered fingerprint （phase） Peak extraction 128×128 phasing × IFFT Registered fingerprint （phase） #Node 2 × Registered fingerprint （phase） Peak extraction IFFT × IFFT Peak extraction #Node 3 Check result Registered fingerprint （phase） Peak extraction Peak comparison Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Using POC Function

  19. Fingerprint Verification Performance Evaluation • The number of computing nodes : 1, 2, or 4 (can be changed） • The number of registered finger print: 12 (3 images per node） • Evaluation of the matching time on input fingerprint and registered fingerprint Image from sensor Registered finger print Node #0 Node #1 Node #2 Node #3

  20. Result • Processing time: less than 2 seconds with 4 nodes. • Enough performance with embedded CPUs

  21. Conclusion • Development of a Ubiquitous Computing Cluster with embedded CPUs • World smallest cluster computer in size, power consumption and cost • Suitable for prototyping the next generation ubiquitous application • Application: Fingerprint verification • performance evaluation shows satisfactory result • UCC is capable for advance applications

  22. Next Generation Ubiquitous Application Robot System RFID certification Computer vision Fingerprint verification Image tracking Cipher Fault tolerant system Voice/Speech recognition Redundant Server system Future Plans Face recognition Ubiquitous Computing Cluster

  23. Thank you

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