Medical Terminology: A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber

1. Medical Terminology:A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber Chapter 9: The Sensory System

2. Learning Outcomes • Identify parts and their function of the sensory system • Define related combining word forms • Recall related diagnoses, tests, and clinical procedures in treating disorders • Define related pathologies of the sensory system • Define related surgical terms • Recognize related pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the sensory system

3. Function/Structure • Sensory System includes organs involved in perceiving and receiving stimuli • Aristole - Identified the five senses • Neurons = specialized nerve endings • Dendrites = respond to only one sensation • Electrochemical signals

4. Sensory Receptors • Receptor cells able to receive stimuli • Receive only certain stimuli • Send impulses to afferent (conductive) nerves to interpret stimuli

5. The Sensory System

6. Combining Forms • audi(o), audit(o) hearing • aur(o), auricul(o) hearing • blephar(o) eyelid • cerumin(o) wax • cochle(o) cochlea • conjunctiv(o) conjunctiva • cor(o), core(o) pupil

7. Combining Forms • corne(o) cornea • cycl(o) ciliary body • ir(o), irid(o) iris • kerat(o) cornea • lacrim(o) tears • mastoid(o) mastoid process

8. Combining Forms • myring(o) eardrum, middle ear • nas(o) nose • ocul(o), eye • ophthalm(o), eye • opt(o), optic(o) eye • ossicul(o) ossicle

9. Combining Forms • phac(o), phak(o) lens • pupill(o) pupil • retin(o) retina • scler(o) white of the eye • scot(o) darkness • tympan(o) eardrum, middle ear • uve(o) uvea 

10. Sight- The Eyes • The eyes detect light and stimulate sensory receptors • Contain about 70 percent of all the receptors in the human body

11. Details of the Eye

12. Hearing and Equilibrium • Ear - organ for hearing/balance • Major divisions of the ear: • External • Middle • Inner

13. Details of an Ear

14. Decibel Levels • 40dB = A whisper • 60dB = Regular speech • 80dB = High noise • 130dB = Extremely Loud • 140dB = Jet engine

15. Touch, Pain, Temperature • The Skin • Intensities of touch • Light touch - top layer of skin • Harder pressure - middle and bottom layer • Sense of touch, pressure, pain, temperatures • Pain receptor

16. Smell and Taste • Olfactory nerves = ability to perceive a scent • Taste buds = tongue surface • Loss of sense of smell and taste major impact on every day life

17. Diagnostic, Procedural, and Lab Test • Assist in diagnosis and treatment of the sensory conditions • Questions/examination of structures • Loss of a sense can be serious • Partially or totally restored • Adapt to the loss

18. Pathological Terms • Lost/damaged senses • Lead to other related illnesses • Age-related disorders • Wear and tear on sensory organs

19. Astigmatism/Correction

20. Hyperopia/Myopia

21. Ear Disorders • Sense of hearing can be diminished or lost in a number of situations • Hearing loss can impact nearly every aspect of an individual’s life

22. Surgical Terms • Surgery may be performed on sensory system • Deficits may be restored, removal of cancerous tumors, and cosmetic changes

23. Pharmacological Terms • May be used to treat conditions or to assist in identifying conditions • Medications usage for short or extended timeframe

24. Chapter Review • Identify parts and their function of the sensory system • Define related combining word forms • Recall related diagnoses, tests, and clinical procedures in treating disorders • Define related pathologies of the sensory system • Define related surgical terms • Recognize related pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the sensory system