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Cancer Biology

Cancer Biology. Secondary genetic change (eg, dysfunction of p53 or overexpression of bcl-2). Normal cell. Initial genetic change (eg, loss of function of pRb or overexpression of c-myc). Subsequent genetic change. Further alterations in phenotype (eg, invasiveness and metastasis).

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Cancer Biology

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  1. Cancer Biology

  2. Secondarygenetic change (eg, dysfunction of p53or overexpression of bcl-2) Normalcell Initialgenetic change (eg, loss of function of pRb or overexpression of c-myc) Subsequentgenetic change Further alterationsin phenotype(eg, invasivenessand metastasis) Increase incell proliferationand apoptoticcell death Decreasein apoptoticcell death Cancer BiologyTumorigenesis

  3. Cancer BiologyEmergence of tumor cell heterogeneity Primary Neoplasm Metastases TRANSFORMATION TUMOR EVOLUTION METASTASIS TUMOR EVOLUTION AND PROGRESSION AND PROGRESSION

  4. Cancer BiologyHost influences on metastatic disease Anatomical factors Organ microenvironment Angiogenic factors Immune response

  5. Cancer BiologyCancer cells vs normal cells

  6. Cancer BiologyPrecancerous conditions Neoplasia (eg, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) Polyps (eg, adenomatous polyps) Carcinoma in situ

  7. Cancer BiologyThe role of oncogenes

  8. Cancer BiologyPathogenesis

  9. Cancer BiologyAngiogenesis Establishment of a capillary network from the surrounding host tissue A series of processes originating from microvascular endothelial cells Mediated by multiple molecules released by both tumor and host cells [eg, fibroblastic growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular permeability factor (VPF), angiogenin, epidermal growth factor (EGF)]

  10. Cancer BiologyCell cycle

  11. Cancer BiologyThe doubling process

  12. 1012 Number ofcancer cells Diagnosticthreshold(1cm) 109 time Undetectablecancer Detectablecancer Limit ofclinicaldetection Hostdeath Cancer BiologyTumor growth and detection

  13. Cancer BiologyDormancy of tumor cells • Malignant tumor cells can remain dormant yet viable for years • Emergence from dormancy can lead to disease recurrence • Possible mechanisms: • Cells may arrest in G0 phase • Rate of cell death counterbalances rate of cell division

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