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Cancer Biology and Metastasis

Cancer Biology and Metastasis. Mr. Nichols PHHS. Cartoons of the Day!. Cartoons of the Day!. Cartoons of the Day!. Little bit of Breaking News!. Teacher Shelly Moody came into work on Saturday to get some grading and lesson planning done.

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Cancer Biology and Metastasis

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  1. Cancer Biology and Metastasis Mr. NicholsPHHS

  2. Cartoons of the Day!

  3. Cartoons of the Day!

  4. Cartoons of the Day!

  5. Little bit of Breaking News! • Teacher Shelly Moody came into work on Saturday to get some grading and lesson planning done. • In her room was an uncovered carpet and an opened lock box. Security cameras did not see any intruders. • The opened lock box is now in police custody.

  6. Breaking News!

  7. Cell Markers and Immune System Response. • ALK gene • Cancer types: Non-small cell lung cancerand anaplastic large cell lymphoma • Tissue analyzed: Tumor • How used: To help determine treatment and prognosis • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) • Cancer types: Liver cancer and germ cell tumors • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To help diagnose liver cancer and follow response to treatment; to assess stage, prognosis, and response to treatment of germ cell tumors • Beta-2-microglobulin(B2M) • Cancer types: Multiple myeloma chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and some lymphomas • Tissue analyzed: Blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid • How used: To determine prognosis and follow response to treatment

  8. More Markers • Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta-hCG) • Cancer types: Choriocarcinoma and testicular cancer • Tissue analyzed: Urine or blood • How used: To assess stage, prognosis, and response to treatment • BCR-ABL fusion gene • Cancer type: Chronic myeloid leukemia • Tissue analyzed: Blood and/or bone marrow • How used: To confirm diagnosis and monitor disease status • BRAF mutation V600E • Cancer types: Cutaneous melanoma and colorectal cancer • Tissue analyzed: Tumor • How used: To predict response to targeted therapies

  9. More Markers • CA15-3/CA27.29 • Cancer type: Breast cancer • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To assess whether treatment is working or disease has recurred. • CA19-9 • Cancer types: Pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, bile duct cancer, and gastric cancer • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To assess whether treatment is working • CA-125 • Cancer type: Ovarian cancer • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To help in diagnosis, assessment of response to treatment, and evaluation of recurrence

  10. More Markers • Calcitonin • Cancer type: Medullary thyroid cancer • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To aid in diagnosis, check whether treatment is working, and assess recurrence • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) • Cancer types: Colorectal cancer and breast cancer • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To check whether colorectal cancer has spread; to look for breast cancer recurrence and assess response to treatment • CD20 • Cancer type: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma • Tissue analyzed: Blood • How used: To determine whether treatment with a targeted therapy is appropriate

  11. Metastasis

  12. Metastasis

  13. Metastasis

  14. Metastasis (Computer Rendition)

  15. Metastasis (December 2009)

  16. Metastasis (April 2011)

  17. AP Multiple Choice • 20. A cell is composed of thousands of molecules that range in size from very small to very large. Select the sequence of molecular size from the smallest to the largest. • A. Carbon dioxide— phospholipid— DNA polymerase— ribosome • B. Phospholipid— DNA polymerase— ribosome— carbon dioxide • C. Phospholipid— carbon dioxide— ribosome— DNA polymerase • D. Carbon dioxide— DNA polymerase— phospholipid— ribosome • E. DNA polymerase— ribosome— carbon dioxide— phospholipid

  18. AP Multiple Choice • A father with type B blood and mother with type A blood have a child. Their child, while in a biology lab at school, tests her blood and discovers she has type O blood. Does she have any concerns about her parentage? • A. Yes, because she should have type AB blood if they are her true biological parents. • B. No, because type O blood is possible if her parents both had genotypes AB. • C. No, because both of her parents could be heterozygous. • D. Yes, because both of her parents might be heterozygous. • E. No, because blood types A and B are codominant.

  19. AP Multiple Choice • 58. The diagram indicates an error in some process. What is that process? • A. Meiosis • B. Crossing over • C. Pleiotropy • D. Misogyny • E. Mitosis

  20. AP Multiple Choice • 72. Antigen- presenting cells communicate with effector cells of the immune system. Which of the following mechanisms account for this? • A. Direct cell membrane- to- membrane contact • B. Quorum sensing • C. Release of highly specific steroidal hormones • D. Release of neurotransmitter- like substances • E. Induction of rapid ion flow through the membrane

  21. AP Multiple Choice Hemophilia is a genetic disorder caused by an X- linked recessive allele. It is of historical interest because of the extensive familial intermarriages of the royal houses of Europe during the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries AD. 87. In evolutionary terms, why has this lethal allele continued to be passed on? • A. Because of the founder effect • B. Because, while producing a bleeding disorder, it increases longevity • C. Because it only affects female carriers of the trait • D. Because the recessive allele provides a selection advantage • E. Because of disruptive selection

  22. Healthy versus Cancer

  23. Healthy versus Cancer Low Caspase regulation or production, Apoptosis receptors become progressively more inactive. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways deplete as time goes on and the cancer develops.

  24. Healthy versus Cancer

  25. Diagnostics

  26. Diagnostics

  27. Cartoons of the Day!

  28. Cartoons of the Day!

  29. Cartoons of the Day!

  30. Cartoons of the Day!

  31. Cartoons of the Day!

  32. Breaking news: • This morning was the Centennial Celebration of Crescent Falls. Everyone was in attendance at the Blue Lake for the festivities, which included food, dancing and a ceremonial address by Dr. Ainsworth. • In his address the Dr. said: “Despite the hard times we will overcome, if we rely on each other and watch out for one another we can get through this conflict safely.”

  33. Breaking news! • Rob Simons: Town entertainer, was the performing artist at the ceremony. • Robert Williams: Local environmental scientist, tasked with forest conservation. • Michael Andersen: Lawyer for the city, focused on land and property law. • Ryan Powers: Semi-pro hockey player, sustained a concussion recently. • Paul McNeal: Volunteer fireman and school janitor.

  34. Breaking news! • James Scott: Computer engineer and amateur gamer. Builds computers is an electronic consultant for the town. • Mary and Carol Williams: Mother and daughter bakers that provided pastries for the ceremony. • FlorisRolle: Stay at home wife, graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in chemistry. • Shannon Donovan: Operates a thrift shop out of her home.

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