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American Revolution

American Revolution . “Taxation without representation”. English Bill of Rights 1689.

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American Revolution

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  1. American Revolution “Taxation without representation”

  2. English Bill of Rights 1689 • The Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament on 16 December 1689. It was a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament. It lays down limits on the powers of sovereign and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament, the requirement to regular elections to Parliament and the right to petition the monarch without fear of retribution. It reestablished the liberty of Protestants to have arms for their defense within the rule of law, and condemned James II of England for "causing several good subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when papists were both armed and employed contrary to law".

  3. No Taxation Without Representation • The British Parliament had controlled colonial trade and taxed imports and exports since 1660. By the 1760s the Americans were being deprived of a historic right. In 1765 the term was in use in Boston, and local politician James Otis who was most famously associated with the phrase, "taxation without representation is tyranny (abuse of power)”. The English Bill of Rights 1689 had forbidden the imposition of taxes without the consent of Parliament. Since the colonists had no representation in Parliament the taxes violated the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. Parliament contended that the colonists had virtual representation.

  4. Review Questions • 1. What did American colonists mean by “No taxation without representation”? • 2. How did the slogan "No taxation without representation" sum up the colonists reasons for protesting British policy?

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