Lead-in

1. Lead-in Which place do you like? Clean or dirty?

2. Pure or polluted?

3. Save or cut down?

4. Quite or noisy?

5. 环保公益广告

6. Unit 4 Global Warming

7. Learning Goals Knowledge Goals Topic . Global warming . Pollution . The importance of protecting the earth

8. Words and Expressions Words consume, graph, random, phenomenon, subscribe, fuel, quantity, tend, per, data, trend, catastrophe, flood, oppose, mild, consequence, state, range, glance, steady, tendency, widespread, average, existence, outer, advocate, commitment, pollution, growth, electrical, casual, motor, circumstance, microwave, refresh, educator, contribution, presentation, nuclear, disagreement

9. Expressions come about subscribe to quantity of go up result in be opposed to even if keep on on the whole on behalf of put up with so long as and so on

10. Functional Items Agreement and Disagreement I don’t think so. I don’t agree. You’re right. I’m afraid not. Blame and Complaint I’m sorry to bring this up, but…? They shouldn’t have done it. Perhaps/ Maybe they should/ ought to… Why don’t you do something about it?

11. Grammar The use of “it” (2) It is … that… It is your stupid action that make this trouble. It is the factory that caused the pollution of the river.

12. Ability Goals Emotion Goals . Learn the words about energy, pollution and environment . Learn to express blame, complaint, agreement and disagreement . Learn the usage of “ it ” . Cultivate the sense of protecting the environment

13. Important and Difficult Points Important Points Difficult Points . Words about the environment . The usage of “ it ” . Express the idea of complaint, blame, agreement and disagreement clearly

14. Warming up How many materials can provide us energy? Name them and try to divide them in groups. Power of the water

15. Power of the wind

16. Power of the sun

17. Brainstorming 环保公益广告（动画）

18. Pre-reading What factors have caused the global warming? Polluted air from factory

19. Increasing population

20. Polluted air from the car

21. Disafforestation

22. Reading Explanation 1. …but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. 但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。 compared to, 也可以用compared with,意思是“与……相比较”，例如: It shows our fourth-quarter results compared to last year’s.

23. 图中把我们第四季度的成果和去年同期做了对比。 用法比较： compared with:把……和……相比。例如： Revenues are down-down nearly twenty percent compared to last year. 收入很低—几乎比去年同期低了百分之二十。 compared with:把……比成……。比较两者的相似之处。例如： Compared with other media, any advantages for newspaper? 相对于其他的媒体。报纸有什么优势呢?

24. 2. So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的？会产生什么影响呢？ matter：要紧；有关系。相当于be important。例如： It doesn’t matter much whether we go together or separately. 我们一起去还是分头去都可以。 It never mattered what time of day or night it was. 不论是白天还是晚上, 都没有关系。

25. 3. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。 quantity:量。此处做不可数名词。例如： There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden. 花园里只剩下少量的花了。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table. 许多食品被摊放在桌子上。 quantity 也可以做可数名词，表示数量。例如：

26. Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是研究纯数量的科学。 What quantity do you require? 你要求多大的数量? 4. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. 温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。 build up:逐渐增加。例如： The US is continually building up its armed forces. 美军正持续加强它的三军。

27. Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones. 很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。 5. It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it. 在使用电器设备时你可以让它开着。 electrical:用电的；与电有关的。例如： Although he majored in electrical engineering, he is smart at words. 虽然他学习电气工程，但是他的语言十分智慧。

28. Language Points 1. I’m sorry to bring this up, but…? I’m sorry to bring this up, but I have no idea now. 2. They shouldn’t have done it. They shouldn’t have done this. At least, you’ve helped them when they were in trouble. 3. Perhaps/ Maybe they should/ ought to… Perhaps they should ask her to go with them. 4. Why don’t you do something about it? The game is not ended. Why don’t you do something about it?

29. Learning about Language Words 1. subscribe v.订购, 预订 I subscribed to a morning paper for you yesterday. 我订阅了一份晨报。 同意; 赞同 I heartily subscribe to that sentiment. 我十分赞同那个观点。 捐助

30. He subscribed liberally to charities for the nature disaster. 他为自然灾害向慈善事业慷慨捐款。 签署, 题词 I subscribed my name to the document. 我在文件上签了字。 2. tend vt.照料, 照顾, 伺候 She tended her husband carefully during his illness. 她丈夫生病期间, 她无微不至地照顾他。 vi.往, 朝向

31. The river here tends eastward in the ancient time. 古时候这条河从这里向东流。 易于; 倾向 My grandmother tends to go to bed early every day. 我祖母每天通常比较早睡。 3. per (表示关涉)通过, 由 Do you send the goods per rail, or per plane? 你送这个商品是通过铁路还是飞机? (表示根据)依照, 根据 You bought goods per list price.

32. 你按照所列价格买商品。 (表示比率)(尤指数量, 价格, 时间)每 These apples cost 40 pence per pound. 这些苹果每磅40便士。 4. mild adj.温柔的, 温和的, 和善的 I’m the mildest man alive in his eyes at that time. 那时候在他眼里我是世上最和善的人。 He is mild of manner as a gentlemen. 他举止温和的像一位绅士。 轻微的, 不严重的 The sentence was mild to this kind of man. 对于他这类人，判刑判得太轻。

33. 温暖的, 暖和的 That coat is too heavy for such a mild day. 这样暖和的天气, 穿那件大衣太厚了。 The weather is mild in this part every winter. 每年冬天，这个地区的天气都很温暖。 5. state n.状态, 状况 Air whether in the gaseous or liquid state is a fluid. 空气, 无论是气态的或是液态的, 都是一种流体。 国家, 政府

34. We must pay taxes to the State. 我们必须向国家纳税。 州; 邦 In America, the law varies from state to state. 美国各州的法律都不同。 vt.陈述; 敘述 It is stated that the fire started in a cottage. 据说火是从一间小屋里烧起来的。 Please state exactly what you did. 请准确地说明你都干了些什么。 规定, 指定, 排定 the rights and duties stated by the law 法律规定的权利和义务

35. Morphology 动词后缀1. -ize, ise, 表示“做成，变成，……化” modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2. -en, 表示“使成为，引起，使有”quicken, weaken, soften, harden3. -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4. -ish, 表示“使，令”finish, abolish, diminish, establish5. -ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用”separate, operate, indicate

36. 形容词后缀 1. -able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible2. –al: natural, additional, educational3. -an, ane: urban, suburban, republican4. -ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent5. –ar: similar, popular, regular6. –ary: military, voluntary7. -ice, -atie, ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical,8. –ine: masculine, feminine, marine

37. Expressions 1. come about产生，发生 When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about. 妈妈醒来后不知发生过什么。 I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我不能理解你怎么会一周吃到三次。 2. subscribe to 订阅；同意 I subscribe to a weekly magazine for amateur photographers.  

38. 我订阅了给业余摄影家看的周刊。 Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?   你是否同意她对经济状况所持的悲观看法？ 3. go up 上升Prices have gone up again because of the inflation. 由于通货膨胀，物价又上涨了。 被建造起来New factories are going up everywhere. 到处在兴建新工厂。 被焚毁

39. The whole building went up in flames. 整幢楼被焚毁了。 4. result in导致 Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver.    这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。  Prolonged exposure to these pollutants may result in chronic disease.    长期接近这些污染气体，就会引起各种慢性疾病。 5. be opposed to反对 They were bitterly opposed to the scheme.

40. 他们强烈反对这个计划。 He is passionately opposed to racial discrimination.他极端反对种族歧视。 6. even if甚至 Even if it should rain tomorrow, they will go for an outing. 纵使明天下雨, 他们也要去游览。 Even if Melanie were dying, she couldn’t go back up there. 哪怕梅兰快死了，她也不能回去的。

41. 7. keep on继续 How am I to work if you keep on chattering?    象你这样絮絮叼叼地没个完，叫我怎么工作下去呢？ To know it’s no use, but keep on doing it—there can be no greater folly than this. 知其不可而为之, 愚不可及也。   8. on behalf of代表 He has returned safely from a mission on behalf of his country. 他已经为国完成使命，安全归来。 They presented the Queen with a bouquet on

42. behalf of thewomen students.  她们代表女学生向女王献花。 9. put up with忍受，克服 I don’t know how his parents put up with his antics. 我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的怪异行为。 I can’ t put up with your hypocrisy any more. 我再也不能容忍你的虚伪态度了。 

43. Structures “it”用法小结（二） 一、用作形式主语1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。如：

44. It is very nice of you to be so considerate .  你们想得这样周到是很好的。It is important for a polar researcher to be in good physical condition. 对极地科研人员来说,健康十分重要。 这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如：It feels strange to be visiting the place again after all these years. 时隔多年, 旧地重访使人感到很新奇.

45. 2．It ＋will be／is ／was＋形容词＋动名词短语。如：2．It ＋will be／is ／was＋形容词＋动名词短语。如： It is difficult to squeeze one’s way out in a crowded bus.  在拥挤的公共汽车里挤出去真不容易。3．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如：It is amazing that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly. 那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。4．It ＋is ／was ＋one’s turn（duty，pleasure） ＋to do sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如：

46. Actually, it is your duty to inform him of the board’s decision .  实际上，您有义务把董事会的决定通知他。 5．It takes（sb）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如 ： It takes them some time to get over it. 这的确让他们花费了很多力气才艰难的爬了上去。 6．It ＋cost／costs＋sb.+ some money＋to do sth．译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如：It costs you very little money to send an email there. 

47. 在那发一封电子邮件几乎不花钱的。 7．It seems ／seemed＋从句，译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem＋动词不定式”形式。如：It seems so ridiculous that you have passed the exam.你通过了那次考试看起来真的很荒谬。 二、用作形式宾语当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语

48. ＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如：I found it not easy to finish this task at the end of this month. 我发现在月底之前完成这项任务是不容易的。 Mother think it good finding a part time job during my summer vocation. 妈妈认为我在暑假找兼职工作是有好处的。

49. Using Language Speaking What kind of pollution are we facing every day? Discuss with your partner about the measures we should take. 1. noise pollution 2. water pollution 3. white pollution 4. air pollution

50. Reading and Writing Environmental pollution is a serious social problem. It poses a terrible threat to men’s health. The atmosphere is filthy. The air is thick with dust and burnt oil. Dark smokes are being emitted from chimneys, and choking fumes are being released from numerous vehicles. Stay a little while in a big city, then wipe your forehead with your handkerchief, it is black. Hang out your washing on the line to dry, you will have to wash again. Garbage is left to accumulate in