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Objectives

Objectives. -Define each of the following: Prokaryotes , eukaryotes ,cell -Draw and label Prokaryotes and eukaryotes -Mention the function of the main organelles in the cell -Compare between Prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell. Discovery of the cell.

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives -Define each of the following: Prokaryotes , eukaryotes ,cell -Draw and label Prokaryotes and eukaryotes -Mention the function of the main organelles in the cell -Compare between Prokaryotes and eukaryotescell

  2. Discovery of the cell 1. Leeuwenhoek : - used a single powerful lens. - was the first person to see tiny living organisms in a drop of water. - Made detailed drawings of each kind of organisms. 2. Robert Hooke : - examined thin slices of cork. - found that it contains thousands of chambers called them cells. 3. Schleiden : - All plants are made of cells. 4. Schwann : - All animals are made of cells. 5. Virchow : - cells are produced from existing cells.

  3. Cell theory states : • All living things are composed of cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. • New cells are formed by the division of pre-existing cells. • Cell contain genetic material which is passed on from parent to daughter cells Cell theory • Cells differ in their shape and size, but all cells share common structures. • All cells haveCell membrane , Cytoplasm and Nucleus • . • Cell membrane : thin flexible barrier around the cell. • Nucleus : Contains genetic materials and controls cell activity in most cells. • Cytoplasm : material inside the cell membrane but not including the nucleus. Basic cell structures

  4. Cell structures Cell Wall Cell membrane Nucleus Organelles in the cytoplasm Ribosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondria

  5. Eukaryotic Cells(yew KAYR ee yah tihk) • cells with membrane-bound structures • EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

  6. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes • Cells divided into two categories : • Porkaryotic cells : do not have nucleus. • Eukaryotic cells : have nucleus.

  7. Nucleus • Nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown. • Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain nucleus. • Function of the nucleus : • Control most of cell processes. • Contains The hereditary information ( DNA ) • Components of the nucleus : • Chromatine : granular material spread out through the nucleus • contain DNA and protein. • When the cell divide chromatine condenses to form chromosomes • Nucleolus : small dense region where the assembly of ribosomes begin. • Nuclear envelope : double-membrane layer surround the nucleus. • Contains many pores that allow materials to move in and out of the cell.

  8. CELL WALL • protects the cell • gives shape • is made of cellulose • A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

  9. CYtoskeleton

  10. Cell Wall

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