2014

1. Výukový materiál MB 04 - 100 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014 BACTERIA

2. a part of food chain • symbiotic bacteria • pathogenic bacteria IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

3. saprophytic bacteria > decomposers • they mineralize organic substances into inorganic • decomposition of proteins > ammonia > nitrites and nitrates = a source of nitrogenous nutrition ! • food pyramid A PART OF FOOD CHAIN

4. nodule bacteria live in symbiosis with French bean plants • on roots in small clubroots • they receive air oxygen > transfer into nitrites • nitrates are a source of nitrogen for the plant • plant gives organic substances to bacteria as a source of nutrition SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

5. E. coli • they live in the large intestine • they convert rests of not digested food into faeces • Doderlein lactobacillus: • in the vagina • they create acids > keep pH between 4,0 – 4,5 > they inhibit the growth of the yeast • intestines of ruminants, termites • they decompose cellulose SYMBIOTIC BACTERIA

6. a lot of bacteria on our body: • some of them do not harm, if the immunity is not weakened • streptococcus pneumoniae: • in the throat of most healthy people • weakening of immunity > reproduction > pneumonia • E. coli: • reproduction > diarrhoea • important microbiologists: • Louis Pasteur • Robert Koch PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

7. mycobacterium tuberculosis: • multiple reproduction • they penetrate into tissues > they cause suppuration • most often in lungs, bones, kidneys • tuberculosis PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

8. clostridium botulinum: • creation of poisonous substances = toxins • in anaerobic environment of pets or in cans • fatal poisoning = botulism • clostridium tetani: • it lives in the soil • toxin causes muscular cramps • cramps of neck and chewing muscular system > choking • tetanus PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

9. vibrio cholerae: • toxin causes heavy diarrhoea • Transfer by contaminated water • Salmonella typhi: • abdominal typhoid • Salmonella: • salmonella PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

10. transfer of infection: • direct contact • indirectly by the contact with objects • infection by air ways: • droplets - they develop by speaking, sneezing, cough • > they dry > infection dust • angina, scarlet fever, pneumonia, TBC, diphtheria, pertusis (whooping cough) PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

11. transfer through contaminated water and food: • salmonella, abdominal typhoid, cholera • dysentery – Shigella dysenteriae • the most dangerous bacterial disease: • anthrax – Bacillus anthracis • 3 forms: • skin, intestinal and pulmonary forms PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

12. sexually transmitted diseases: • Treponema pallidum • syphilis • I. so called firm ulcer on sexual organs • II. skin rash appears • III. afflicted: vessels, nerves, liver, bones, degeneration of brain PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

13. diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoea • gonorrhoea • inflammation of mucous membrane on sexual organs PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

14. 1) production of antibiotics • soil bacteria Streptomyces : • streptomycin, aureomycin, tetracycline • 2) other bacteria produce vitamins and aminoacids • 3) lactic and acetic bacteria in the industry • 4) bacteria for cleaning of sewerage water • 5) genetic engineering THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA

15. KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6. • CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0. • ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15-3. • ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5 SOURCES