医药英语

1. 全国高职高专院校药学类食品药品类专业“十三五”规划教材全国高职高专院校药学类食品药品类专业“十三五”规划教材 医药英语 主编 崔成红 李正亚

2. 编委会 主编 崔成红李正亚 副主编田友清侯居左盖昕一 编者（以姓氏笔画为序） 于浩（山东药品食品职业学院） 王蕊蕊（皖西卫生职业学院） 田友清（江苏省连云港中医药高等职业技术学校） 阮绍武（福建生物工程职业技术学院） 李正亚（江苏医药职业学院） 李新利（江苏医药职业学院） 侯居左（河南应用技术职业学院） 崔成红（山东药品食品职业学院） 盖昕一（山东中医药高等专科学校） 葛露（辽宁医药职业学院）

3. Contents MODULE 1 History of Medicine Unit 1 History of Traditional Chinese Medicine Unit 2 History of Western Medicine MODULE 2 Pharmaceutical Science Unit 3 Traditional Chinese Medicine Unit 4 Chemical Drugs Unit 5 Biological Drugs MODULE 3 Pharmaceutical Professions Unit 6 At the Pharmacy Unit 7 At the Hospital Unit 8 In the Pharmaceutical Company MODULE 4 Management of Medicine Unit 9 Drug Regulations Unit 10 Drug Standards

4. MODULE 2 Pharmaceutical ScienceUNIT 3 Traditional Chinese Medicine

5. Section I Listening and Speaking 1.1 Listening Part 1 Task 1 Choose the correct answer and write the corresponding letter in the brackets. • Example:

6. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 1 (continued)

7. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 1 (continued)

8. Section I Listening and Speaking 1.1 Listening • 播放Task 1 听力音频

9. Section I Listening and Speaking 1.1 Listening Part 2 Task 2 Choose the correct answer A, B or C for each sentence and put a tick (√) in the brackets.

10. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 2 (continued)

11. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 2 (continued)

12. Section I Listening and Speaking 1.1 Listening • 播放Task 2 听力音频

13. Section I Listening and Speaking 1.2 Speaking Part 1 Task 3Suppose you are working at a Chinese pharmacy, and you are telling a patient how to make the decoction.

14. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 3 (continued)

15. Section I Listening and Speaking Part 2 Task 4 Suppose you are an assistant at a Chinese pharmacy. A customer who catches a cold comes to buy some medicine for his cough. You ask him about his symptoms and recommend a Chinese patent medicine to him.

16. Section I Listening and Speaking Task 4 (continued)

17. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 1 Task 5 There are 5 questions here. Read the passage and write your answers in no more than three words. 1. Where do Chinese medicinal herbs mainly come from? Chinese medicinal herbs mainly come from __________. 2. What does Paozhi refer to? It refers to __________ of the crude materials.

18. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Task 5 (continued) 3. What kind of herbs can be used to soften a mass? __________ can do it. 4. What kind of characteristics does Zhimu has? Zhimuis__________. 5. Do herbs have directional traits? Yes, they have, such as ascending, descending, __________.

19. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 1 Text Chinese Medicinal Herbs • China is a country with rich resources. There is a great variety of Chinese materia medica which includes plants, animals, and minerals. Most of them are from plants and that is the reason why it is called Chinese medicinal herbs. Many Chinese medicinal herbs come from crude materials, therefore it is

20. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 1 Text (continued) necessary for them to be appropriately processed in order to meet therapeutic requirements. During these processes safety is ensured and medicinal effects are enhanced. This procedure is termed as Paozhi in TCM. • The Chinese medicinal herbs are characterized by four properties (cold, heat, warm, and cool) and five flavors (sour, bitter, sweet, acrid, and salty).

21. Part1 Text (continued) Theseterms are used to describe the characteristics of herbs and their medicinal actions. Generally speaking, herbs of cold or cool property are good for clearing heat and cooling the blood; herbs of hot or warm property have the effects of warming the interior and dispersing the cold. As for the flavors, sour herbs have the function of astringing and consolidating; bitter herbs have the function Section I Listening and Speaking

22. Part1 Text (continued)   of drying dampness, clearing heat and purging the bowels; sweet herbs have the function of tonifying, harmonizing and moderating; acrid herbs have the function of dispersing and promoting qi flow and blood circulation; salty herbs have the function of softening a mass and dispersing hardenings. For example, Zisu is warm and acrid, and has the Section I Listening and Speaking

23. Section I Listening and Speaking Part1 Text (continued) action of inducing perspirations and relieving cold symptoms; Zhimu, which is cold and bitter in nature, has the action of relieving heat. In addition, herbs have directional traits, such as ascending, descending, floating, and sinking.

24. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 1 Text (continued) • In order to show the major effect of herbs on a certain part of the body, herbs are said to belong to different zang-fu meridians. For example, sore throat and cough show the pathological changes in the lung meridian, and Jiegeng and Chuanbeimu are often used because they enter the lung meridian.

25. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 2 Task 6 Read the passage and choose the answer which you think fits best, and then write the corresponding letter in the blank.

26. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Task 6 (continued)

27. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Task 6 (continued)

28. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 2 Text Combination of Herbs • In clinical practice, it may be thought that using a single drug to treat a disorder and fulfill its therapeutic purpose is the best approach as this is simple, economical and easy to apply. However, there are many occasions when a disease is accompanied by other disorders and single drug fails to effectively produce its therapeutic actions. Consequently

29. Section I Listening and Speaking Part 2 Text (continued) combination of two or more herbs is needed according to their specific properties so as to meet the need of the complicated disease and gain better therapeutic effects. In addition, combination of herbs may also involvedrugs being able to decrease and correct the side effects due to their mutual inhibitory action. Therefore, the aim of combination of herbs is to meet clinical needs, make good use of herbs and ensure safe administration.

30. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 2 Text (continued) • Different combinations can cause variations in therapeutic effects. Traditionally, the results for combining herbs are classified as follows: • Mutual reinforcement (Xiang Xu): Two or more herbs with similar properties are used in combination to reinforce their therapeutic actions. For example, Shigao and Zhimu used together clear heat and subdue fire.

31. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 2 Text (continued) • Mutual assistance (Xiang Shi): Two or more herbs are used in combination in which one is the principle herb and the others play a subsidiary role to enhance therapeutic action. For example, Huangqi combined with Fuling replenishes qi, strengthens the spleen and promotes urination.

32. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 2 Text (continued) • Mutual counteraction (Xiang Wei): This refers to the reduction or elimination of toxicity or side effects by combination of one herb with another. For example, adding of fresh Shengjiang to Banxia counteracts or restrains the latter’s toxicity.

33. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 2 Text (continued) • Mutual antagonism (Xiang Wu): Two herbs used in combination inhibit each other to weaken or neutralize their original positive effects. For example, Renshen is incompatible with Laifuzi. • Mutual incompatibility (Xiang Fan): Two herbs used in combination produce or increase toxicity or side effects. For example, the toxicity of Xixin increases if combined with Lilu.

34. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Part 2 Text (continued) • The art of administrations of the herbs in prescriptions is known as formulas in TCM. Over the course of the past two thousand years medical practitioners in China have developed many different types of formulas to administer herbal medicines to their patients. Matching the appropriate type of formulation to the patient and disease is an important aspect of good practice.

35. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 3* Task 7 Read the passage and decide whether each statement is “Right” or “Wrong”. If there is not enough information to answer “Right” or “Wrong”, choose “Not mentioned”. Write the corresponding letter in the brackets.

36. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.1 Reading Part 3* Text Chinese Patent Medicines （有能力者课后自行完成）

37. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.2 Vocabulary Part 1 Task 8 There are 10 blanks numbered 1 to 10 in the text. Choose the best word for each blank from a list of choices A‒L in the box.

38. 2.2 Vocabulary Part 1 Text Conclusion of Herbal Medicine Herbal Medicine, sometimes 1 to as Herbalism or Botanical Medicine, is the use of herbs for their therapeutic or medicinal value. A herb is a plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, aromatic or savory qualities. Herb plants produce and contain a variety of chemical substances that 2 upon the Section II Reading & Vocabulary

39. 2.2 Vocabulary Part 1 Text (continued) body. Herbal medicine is the 3 form of health care known to mankind. Herbs had been used by all cultures throughout history. It was an integral part of the development of modern civilization. Primitive man observed and appreciated the great diversity of plants 4 to him. The plants 5 food, clothing, Section II Reading & Vocabulary

40. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.2 Vocabulary Part 1 Text (continued) shelter, and medicine. Much of the medicinal use of plants seems to have been developed through observations of 6 animals, and by trial and error. As time went on, each tribe added the medicinal power of herbs in their area to its knowledge base. They methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal pharmacopoeias. Indeed, well into the 20th century much of the

41. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.2 Vocabulary Part 1 Text (continued) pharmacopoeia of scientific medicine was 7 from the herbal lore of native peoples. Many drugs commonly used today are of 8 origin. Indeed, about 25 9 of the prescription drugs dispensed in the U.S contain at least one active ingredient derived from plant material. Some are 10 from plant extracts; others are synthesized to mimic a natural plant compound.

42. Section II Reading & Vocabulary 2.2 Vocabulary Part 2 Task 9 There are 10 incomplete sentences. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets.

43. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Task 9 (continued)

44. Section II Reading & Vocabulary Task 9 (continued)

45. Section III Translation & Writing 3.1 Translation Task 10 For sentences numbered 1 to 4, you will read three choices of suggested translation marked A, B and C. You should choose the best translation for each sentence and put a tick (√) in the brackets; and for the paragraph numbered 5, write your translation in the blank.

46. Section III Translation & Writing Task 10 (continued)

47. Section III Translation & Writing Task 10 (continued)

48. Section III Translation & Writing Task 10 (continued)

49. Section III Translation & Writing Task 10 (continued)

50. Section III Translation & Writing Task 10 (continued)