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I.N. 22

I.N. 22. LIVING THINGS: Properties of Water And Acids/Bases Headings Vocabulary Important Words. Living Things Use & Need Energy

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I.N. 22

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  1. I.N. 22 LIVING THINGS: Properties of Water And Acids/Bases Headings Vocabulary Important Words

  2. Living Things Use & Need Energy a.) Energy comes from food, used to maintain body b.) AUTOTROPH: produce own food c.) HETEROTROPH: must consume food d.) DECOMPOSER:breaks down dead material for food

  3. Living things respond to their surrounding a.) Rxn to a stimulus b.) Action causes a rxn c.) Rxn is called a:Response d.) Involves one individual

  4. Question: Describe the properties of water that make it important to living things. Water is Polar: • It has an unevendistribution of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms • One side is positive • Other is negative

  5. Water is cohesive • Cohesion: • attraction B/T same molecules • causes molecules to draw inward at surface • Ex: Some insects & spiders can “walk” on the surface of H2O Water is adhesive • Adhesion: • attraction between different mol. • causes H20 to bend at surface • Ex: capillary action-pulls column of water up to the top of a plant Water Properties:

  6. Water is called “Universal solvent”: dissolves many other substances due to polarity • Differences in charges pulls/pushes substances apart • Water exhibits evaporative cooling: removes heat when it evaporates from a surface • Ex: sweating cools skin • Water expands during freezing: expands into crystal formation releasing heat • Ex: rocks broken up by ice creating soil; ice layer protects fruit from freezing

  7. Acids, Bases and the pH scale • The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ ions (how acidic something is) • Ranges from 0-14 • At 7: H+ ions and OH- ions are equal so it is neutral • 0-7:Acidic, has more H+ ions • 7-14:Basic, has more OH- ions

  8. ACIDS:release H+ when mixed with water • Sour, corrosive • Ex: HCl, H2SO4 • Always have H at front of formula BASES:release OH- when mixed with water • Bitter, slippery, usually in cleaners • NaOH, CaOH • Always have OH at end of formula

  9. What is a buffer? • Buffers are weak acids or bases that react w/strong acids and bases • prevent sharp changes in pH • Helps to neutralize pH • Helps control pH in blood, digestive tract, etc. = maintain Homeostasis

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