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Cancer Prevention what we know

Cancer Prevention what we know. Megan Oden PA-C SOAR program co-lead. Why is cancer prevention so important?. Over half a million people die from cancer each year in the United States despite improvement in survival rates.

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Cancer Prevention what we know

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  1. Cancer Preventionwhat we know Megan Oden PA-C SOAR program co-lead

  2. Why is cancer prevention so important? • Over half a million people die from cancer each year in the United States despite improvement in survival rates. • Cancer is the number one cause of death in the US, outranking cardiovascular disease (heart disease, stroke). • Aging is the single largest risk factor for developing cancer.

  3. Aging and Cancer • All about the telomeres • As our DNA ages, the telomeres shorten • The shortening of the telomeres is also believed to be associated with cancer cell development.

  4. Can cancer be prevented? • Only 5-10% of cancers are hereditary • It is estimated that 50% of cancer is preventable • It is never too late to cut your risk!

  5. Prevention vs Screening • Both screening and prevention can reduce the likelihood of dying from cancer. • Screening is used to detect cancer before there are symptoms. - colonoscopy, mammogram, PSA, pap smear, etc • Prevention focuses on changes you can make to limit risk factors that promote cancer. • These preventable risk factors account for TWO-THIRDS of all cancers in the US.

  6. Modify your risk • Tobacco • Alcohol • Sun exposure • Physical activity • Weight • Diet • Supplements

  7. Tobacco • Tobacco is THE most preventable cause of cancer accounting for 21% of all cancer deaths worldwide • The risk is not limited to smoking cigarettes • Its not just about lung cancer -leukemia, cancers of the mouth, nose, sinuses, throat, esophagus, pancreas, liver, stomach, cervix, kidney, colon and bladder • Benefits of quitting go beyond cancer and it is NEVER too late to quit

  8. Watch the rays • Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the US. - More cases than breast, prostate, lung and colon cancers combined • Many skin cancers are curable (basal cell, squamous cell) but the incidence of melanoma continues to rise - estimated 9,710 deaths from melanoma in 2014 • Radiation from the sun is the primary cause of all skin cancers • Intense exposures and blistering burns may be more dangerous than cumulative sun exposure over many years.

  9. How to protect yourself • Seek the shade, especially between 10am and 4pm • No tanning beds- UV exposure from these is now classified as a carcinogen • Avoid sun burns • Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with UVA and UVB coverage - For prolonged outdoor activity minimum SPF of 30 - apply 30 minutes before going outside and every 2 hours • See your physician annually for a skin check

  10. ABCDE

  11. Stay active! • 25% of US adults are almost entirely sedentary • Decreased physical activity appears to increase your overall risk of developing cancer - Most compelling data shown in colon cancer and breast cancer • Aside from smoking cessation, exercise is one of the most important changes you can make to decrease your cancer risk. • How much do you need? - 2 ½ hours of moderate-intensity activity weekly - Muscle strengthening activity on 2 or more days a week

  12. Excess Weight • Excess weight/obesity associated with increased risk of colorectal, breast, endometrial, kidney, and esophageal cancer • Estimated to cause 20% of all cancers • Risk can be reversible with weight loss - Bariatric surgery associated with significant reduction in the risk of dying from cancer- 60% • Weight gain itself may increase your risk

  13. Diet Dilema • Still a long way to go • Results of studies are inconsistent and at times conflicting • Break it down - Fat - Red meat - Fruits and vegetables - Supplements

  14. Does FAT intake matter? • No clear link between fat intake and colon or breast cancer risk • May be an association with prostate cancer • Verdict is still out

  15. Red Meat • High intake of red meat is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in both men and women - beef, pork, veal, lamb • Shown to increase risk of cancer mortality • Why? Maybe from overcooking meat - carcinogens may be formed when cooking meat at very high temps - prepare by baking, broiling or poaching • Choose fish, poultry or beans over red meat

  16. Eat your veggies • Results have been very inconsistent • The American Cancer Society recommends following a diet rich in plant based foods - 2 ½ cups and fruits/vegetables daily • Emphasis is on WHOLE fruits and vegetables • Variety is important • Plant based diet? - diet centered on whole unrefined plants. Based on fruits, vegetables, tubers, whole grains, legume Excludes or minimizes meat, dairy, eggs refined flour, sugar and oil *

  17. Vitamin D • Vitamin D may reduce the risk of colon cancer • Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for developing prostate cancer • Get you Vitamin D level checked! • Factors that effect your Vitamin D level - Geographic location and season - skin tone - age - body weight

  18. Calcium • Associated with a reduced of colorectal cancer BUT… • May be associated with increased prostate cancer risk - higher calcium intake • Should you take a supplement? - consider dietary sources: green leafy vegetables, sardines/salmon, dairy(milk, yogurt, cheese), non-dairy milks (almond, soy, coconut) - evaluate your risk for colon cancer

  19. Mediterranean Diet • High intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, whole grains, fish, olive oil • Associated with a decreased risk of cancer. No single cancer type has been identified • “Western” diet has been associated with a 30% increase in colon cancer risk - the “meat-sweet” diet - high in processed red meat, sugary desserts and drinks, high fat foods (dairy), and refined grains. • Dietary patterns may play more of a role than individual components of diet

  20. Antioxidants • Free radicals are chemicals that can damage cells which may lead to cancer • Antioxidants block the activity of these free radicals • Results of studies have been inconsistent • May have other health benefits • Antioxidant supplements are not recommended.

  21. Alcohol • Excess intake increases the risk of multiple cancers • Studies have shown that moderate alcohol consumption increased the risk for breast cancer. • Even light consumption ( 1 drink/day) may increase the risk of some cancers • Moderate alcohol use has other health benefits

  22. The Hype • - Vit E • -Vit C • - Fiber • -Sugar • -Omega 3

  23. Know your body • Know your skin • Know your bowel/urinary habits • Know your weight • Women, know your breasts • Know your DNA

  24. The Basics • Avoid tobacco • Be physically active and STAY physically active • Maintain a healthy weight • Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low in saturated fats • Limit your alcohol • Avoid excess sun exposure and SUN BURNS

  25. Questions?

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