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Urban Transport

Urban Transport. Outline. Issues in urban transports Road-based urban transport Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Urban transport Institution Summary. 1) Issues in urban transports. Decline in Public transport patronage Forecast versus actual Ridership (rail and bus) Capital outlays

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Urban Transport

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  1. Urban Transport

  2. Outline • Issues in urban transports • Road-based urban transport • Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) • Urban transport Institution • Summary

  3. 1) Issues in urban transports • Decline in Public transport patronage • Forecast versus actual • Ridership (rail and bus) • Capital outlays • Error in choice technology • Mistakes in public policy

  4. Public transport patronage (USA)

  5. Weekday rail passenger in thousands (USA)

  6. Weekday transit trips on bus and rail in thousands (USA)

  7. Capital Outlay in millions (USA)

  8. Annual rail operating expense in millions (1988, USA)

  9. Facts • Declines in transit passengers associated with the increase in car ownership • Too optimistic • Transit ridership is far below forecasting • Operating costs are higher than expected • Higher capital outlays • Larger government subsidy than planned

  10. Is there any room to intervene? Decline in rail transits & Larger subsidy Mistakes in public policy & Errors by transit operators in their choice of technology Increase in car ownership Changes in technologies & Rising incomes

  11. Transit share (US metro)

  12. Who and where? • Serve commuters in large metro areas • Seven largest metro accounted for 69% transit trips (USA, 1990) • Except LA, largest metros have higher transit mode split • NY (26.9% ) twice as Chicago (13.4%) • See table next

  13. Commuter types & their share • Work and live in central cities • Work in central cities but live in suburbs • Work and live in suburbs (16.1%) (8.0%) (1.6%) Income increases

  14. Employment and density Income increases & Car ownership Lower density of housing arrangement Decline in central city population Disperse employment pattern Transit is NOT attractive

  15. Transit effectiveness • Operating costs of transit depends on population density • Which is more cost effective? • Bus or rail-based transit • For medium density, buses (exclusive ROW) is more effective • For high density, rail is more effective

  16. One-way pass trip operating costs (medium density) $ cents Rail Exclusive Bus-way Car Flier Bus 60 40 (thousands) 0

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