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THE STRUCTURE OF CULTURAL POLICY

THE STRUCTURE OF CULTURAL POLICY. Clive Gray University of Warwick. Structure and Agency. Marxist claim: Men make history but not in conditions of their own choosing All policy is made by people But people working within a range of structures That limit room for manoeuvre, but also

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THE STRUCTURE OF CULTURAL POLICY

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  1. THE STRUCTURE OF CULTURAL POLICY Clive Gray University of Warwick

  2. Structure and Agency • Marxist claim: Men make history but not in conditions of their own choosing • All policy is made by people • But people working within a range of structures • That limit room for manoeuvre, but also • Provides opportunities for choice

  3. Structure, Agency and Change • Archer: structure and agency intertwined with culture • Structural and cultural conditions have temporal precedence • Morphostasis – continuation of old patterns • Morphogenesis – creation of new patterns

  4. Structures and Policy: I • Different structures operate at different levels within the policy system: • Macro-level – over-arching elements that set the framework within which policy is made • Meso-level – contextual factors within which sectoral policy is made • Micro-level – specific components that affect the detail of sectoral policy

  5. Structures and Policy: II • Macro-level elements • Ideology – cf. McGuigan on ‘neo-liberal’ ideology • Rationality – cf. means-end instrumental (Weber) and ritual (Royseng) • Legitimacy – cf. legal rationality and questions of trust • Power – cf. institutionalisation

  6. Structures and Policy: III • Meso-level factors controlled by the state: • Governmental policy instruments – information/staffing/money/advice • Governmental policy priorities – is ‘culture’ more important than health? • Governmental structural policies – cf. evidence-based policy/joined-up government • Governmental macro-policies – cf. social inclusion; regeneration; ‘big society’ • Organisations- who provides the service?: central/regional/local/arm’s-length/private/voluntary/community • Power – context-setting

  7. Structures and Policy: IV • Micro-level components at sectoral level: • Specific policy content – cf. direct provision/sponsorship/investment • People – policy makers and recipients • Processes – cf. competition; bargaining; negotiation; blackmail; threats; compromise • Power - usage • Resources – distribution, outputs and outcomes

  8. Agency and Policy • Do actors have free will? • Not entirely: cf. structural constraints and opportunities • Proactive – setting the policy agenda (ie. meso/macro levels as opportunities) • Reactive – responding to other agendas (ie. meso/micro levels as constraints)

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