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Today’s Plan

Today’s Plan. Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds Naming Acids. #’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74. Type I. Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) Examples – Li 2 O = lithium oxide AlN = ???. Type II. Ionic compounds

deborah-lancaster
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Today’s Plan

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  1. Today’s Plan • Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds • Naming Acids #’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74

  2. Type I • Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions) • Examples – • Li2O = lithium oxide • AlN = ???

  3. Type II • Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions) • Examples – • CuCl = copper (I) chloride • PbS = ???

  4. Type II – Variable Charge • Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has! • For example: • FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide) • Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide) • SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride) • SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)

  5. Type III • Covalent compounds with only nonmetals Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different. • Examples – • P3O5 = triphosphoruspentoxide • SO = ???

  6. Prefixes!

  7. Some TYPE III tips… • Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary. • If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

  8. Name NO • Name 1st element: nitrogen • Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms • 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 1 oxygen: mono- • nitrogen monoxide

  9. Name BF3 • Name the first element using the element name: boron • Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine) • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms: • 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 3 fluorine: tri- • boron trifluoride

  10. Type IV • Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions) • Examples – • K2SO4 = potassium sulfate • (NH4)2CO3 = ???

  11. Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice! • Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html • Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html • (Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)

  12. Acid Naming (our last type!) • Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water • First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste • An acid is an anion with one or more H+cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

  13. Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCl 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: chloride hydrochloric acid How do you know it’s an acid?

  14. More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion: cyanide hydrocyanic acid Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?

  15. Remember… Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

  16. Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -icwhen the anion ends in –ate -ouswhen anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

  17. Acid Naming Rule #2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… HNO2 2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix: -icwhen the anion ends in –ate -ouswhen anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

  18. Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO perchloricacid chloric acid chlorousacid hypochlorousacid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

  19. More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3 If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”… perbromate bromate bromite hypobromite HBrO4 HBrO3 HBrO2 HBrO perbromicacid bromicacid bromousacid hypobromousacid per - used for anions with one more oxygen than an ‘-ate” hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

  20. Acid Naming Summary • NO Oxygen • Always: Hydro[anion root]ic acid • CONTAINS Oxygen • What is the key anion? • How many oxygens does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”? (prefix)[anion root](suffix) acid hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4 nitric acid, nitrous acid, hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid

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