1 / 23

The Middle Ages III 590-1517

The Middle Ages III 590-1517. Papal Power and the Crusades. Hildebrand a.k.a Gregory VII. Obscure background Short in stature, strong in presence Friend of Pope Gregory VI Lord of the Popes 1049-1054 – Leo IX, Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicolas II, Alexander II Became pope Gregory VII 1073-1085

deborah-meyers
Download Presentation

The Middle Ages III 590-1517

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Middle Ages III590-1517 Papal Power and the Crusades

  2. Hildebrand a.k.a Gregory VII • Obscure background • Short in stature, strong in presence • Friend of Pope Gregory VI • Lord of the Popes 1049-1054 – Leo IX, Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicolas II, Alexander II • Became pope Gregory VII 1073-1085 • Warred against Nicolaitism, Simony, and Investiture. • Emphasized the absolute authority of the Pope

  3. Papal Powers • Excommunication – the cutting off of one person from communion and the church =loss of salvation, no hope for heaven unless forgiven by Pope • Interdiction – A locational and/or personal excommunication. • World Authority – the power to depose and crown kings at the will of the Pope

  4. Church vs. StateGregory VII v. Henry IV • Henry denounces Gregory • Gregory Excommunicates Henry • Henry grovels at Canossa and regains the Papal blessing • 2 years go by • Henry replaces Gregory with a new Pope • Gregory excommunicates/Interdicts Henry • They war • They die

  5. The Crusades “No idle fancy was it hen of yore Pilgrims in countless numbers braved the seas, And legions battled on the farthest shore, Only to pray at They Sepulchral bed, Only in pious gratitude to kiss The sacred earth on which They feet did tread.” -Uhland, An den Unsichtbaren

  6. The Crusades • Primarily a French institution • Armed Journeys to recapture the Holy Land • Carrying the cross • Christian Pilgrimage • Defeat of Islam • Monetary and spiritual gain • 7 great crusades 1095-1270 • Unite the Eastern and Western churches

  7. The First Crusade 1095-1099 • Initiated by Pope Urban II in response to a call for help from Constantinople • Inspired by Peter the Hermit • The people looted and pillaged along the way • ~300,000 irregulars slaughtered before they reached their goal. • Occurred in swarms of mixed people, not just soldiers.

  8. The First Crusade 1095-1099 • Major slaughter at Nicea, later it was captured • Antioch gained, almost lost, but saved by finding the spear that pierced Christ’s side. • Jerusalem after a long siege was captured, a great slaughter of Infidels, Jews, and heretics ensued. • Set up a kingdom that lasted until 1187

  9. The Second Crusade 1146-1149 • Set up to recapture the city of Edessa • Pope Eugenius III declared forgiveness of all sins and life eternal to all crusaders who died confessing their sins • People were very enthusiastic • Persecution of Jews was inspired by a monk • Ended in complete failure, the crusaders were blamed for their lack of faith

  10. The Third Crusade • Jerusalem fell to Saladin in 1187 • Joint crusade between French, English, and Belgish. Represented by Red, White, and Green crosses. The Germans were there too • Saladin Tax • Besieged Acre amidst harsh conditions, won gained food, gold, and the true cross • Slaughter of 2700 prisoners ensues. • Ultimately gained Acre, and pilgrimage rights to Jerusalem.

  11. Innocent III • Birth name was Lothario Conti de Segni • Wrote The Contempt of the World • Crowned pope in 1198 at 37 years of age • Exhibits the similarities between heirarchialism and asceticism • Papal AUTHORITY • Controlled the German Kingship • Added the title Vicar of God to the Papal names • Died at 56 years old

  12. The Children’s Crusade • Inspired in 1212 by a French shepherd boy Stephen. • Marched to Marseilles, grew in numbers up to 30,000, • Expected the sea to open for them to march across • Hugo Ferrus and William Porcus offered to transport them • Ferrus and Porcus sailed to Africa and sold the children into slavery

  13. The Fourth Crusade 1200-1204 • Pope, Cardinals, and Clergy tithed to pay for the crusade • Hungarian controlled Zara was razed and pillaged to pay for Venetian help • Constantinople was sacked, raped, and looted • Relics were given freely • Didn’t go near the holy land

  14. The Fifth Crusade 1217-1229 • Again Pope, Cardinals, and Clergy tithed to pay for the crusade • Those who gave money or participated in the crusade received full indulgence for sin. • Led by Frederick II • 1228 Made a 10 year treaty gaining concessions in Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth, and pilgrimage routes from Acre to Jerusalem • 1244 the Christians in Palestine were defeated never again to control Jerusalem.

  15. The Sixth Crusade • Led by the King Saint Louis • Marched on Cairo, affected by foes, fevers, and dysentery • King captured and ransomed • Louis returned in 1254 utterly defeated.

  16. The Seventh Crusade 1270 • Also led by Saint/King Louis • 60,000 men at arms total • Plagued, died, ended

  17. Failures of the Crusades • The holy land was not won • Islam was not permanantly stopped • The East/West Schism was not healed • Lots and lots of people were killed • War atrocities • Indulgences

  18. Benefits of the Crusades • Spirtual awakening in many • Class interaction • Knowledge expanded, geography, customs etc. • Major increase in trade

More Related