1 / 21

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Dept. Of Infectious Disease Xiaoguang Dou. Definition. Sever & often fatal chronic disease HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus) CD4+T lymphocyte Opportunistic infection & malignant tumor Sexual contact &injection transmission. Etiology.

debra-sutton
Download Presentation

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) Dept. Of Infectious Disease Xiaoguang Dou

  2. Definition • Sever & often fatal chronic disease • HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus) • CD4+T lymphocyte • Opportunistic infection & malignant tumor • Sexual contact &injection transmission

  3. Etiology • Causative organism: HIV • HIV-1 & HIV-2 • Single-strand RNA, retroviridae, genome9.7kb • 3 structural gene • env gene: envelope Pro.-- gp120, gp41 • gag gene: core pro. --P24 & medium P • pol gene: polymerase, retrotranscriptase. • gene homologous of HIV-2 40-50% comparing with HIV-1

  4. Etiology • Resistance: • sensitive to heat: 56oC30 min • >25% alcohol • Isolation: • blood cell, plasma, lymph nodes, semen, • saliva, tears, breast milk. • Target cell: • CD4+T, M, B cell,Nerve cell

  5. Epidemiology • Source of infection: • patients • asymptomatic carriers • Route of transmission: • sexual contact transmission: • homosexual or bisexual: Western world • heterosexual: Africa • injection transmission: • intravenous drug abusers • blood or its components transfusion

  6. Epidemiology • Route of transmission: • vertical spread: • placenta: from mother to infant • breast milk • other route: • organ transplants, artificial insemination • needle-stick, hospital staff

  7. Epidemiology • Susceptibility of population: • at-risk groups • male homosexual or bisexual • intravenous drug abusers • blood transfusion • > 40 yrs. male

  8. Pathogenesis • HIV is a cytotoxic virus • HIV interfer with CD4 function & reduce its number

  9. Clinical manifestation • Incubation period: 2 to 10 yrs. • First period-Illness of infection • Symptoms: fever, headache, anorexia, nausea, enlargement of lymph nodes • HIV +, P24 Ag +, CD4/CD8 inverted ratio • Last 2 weeks

  10. Clinical manifestation • Second period-Asymptomatic contact • Initial HIV inf. or after illness of inf. • No symptoms • HIV +, Anti- core Ag +, anti-envelope Ag + • Last 2 to 10 yrs.

  11. Clinical manifestation • Third period-PGL • (Persistent Generalized Lymphoadenophathy) • Enlargement of lymph nodes • outside the inguinal area • more than 2 areas • more that 3 months

  12. Clinical manifestation • Fourth period-Manifest AIDS • ARC(AIDS-related complex): fever, loss of weight, anorexia, diarrhea plu PGL • nervous system symptoms: headach, convulsion, paralysis, progress dementia • Rare opportunistic infection • Unusual malignant tumors • Pneumonia

  13. Clinical manifestation • Clinical Classification: • Class A: illness of infection, asymptomatic infection, PGL • Class B: pneumonia, ski infection • Class C: Nervous system symptoms, • opportunistic inf. • unusual malignant tumors

  14. Clinical manifestation • Grade according to CD4+T cell count • Grade A: CD4 > 0.5 109/L, Total lymphacyte >2.0 109/L, CD4+>29% • Grade B: CD4 2.0-.04 109/L, Total lymphacyte 1.0-1.9 109/L, CD4+14~28% • Grade C: CD4< 2.0 109/L, Total lymphacyte <1.0 109/L, CD4+<14%

  15. Clinical manifestation • Common manifestation of AIDS • Lung infection: P. Carinii pneumonia • Gastrointestinal infection: candidiasis of mouth or oesophagus • Central nervous system infection: • Ski infection: Kaposi’s sarcoma - red or violet macules or papules

  16. Laboratory Findings • Blood picture: WBC and RBC decrease • Immunologic test: CD4+T decrease, CD4/CD8 <1 • Serological test: anti-HIV pos., Ag(gp120, p24), anti-gp120, anti-p24. • HIV isolation

  17. Clinical Diagnosis • High risk population: >2 pos • loss of weight >10% • chronic cough or diarrhea > 1 mon • intermittent or persistent fever >1 mon • PGL • herps infection • candidias infection in month

  18. Laboratory Diagnosis • Anti-p24 or gp120 pos twice, WB or SRIP definite • P24 Ag pos • HIV isolation from blood, PBMS, cfs, or HIV RNA by Northern blot or HIV pre-DNA by PCR

  19. Treatment • Anti-virus • AZT: CD4<0.5 109/L • DDC or DDI or LMV • AZT plu IFN, AZT plu acycivir • Immune therapy • complication therapy

  20. Prevention • Control source of infection • isolation • sterilization • international quarantine • Cut the route of transmission • Vaccination?

More Related