Punctuation, Word Choice, and Spelling

1. Punctuation, Word Choice, and Spelling

2. Respond to this Quotation "The writer who neglects punctuation, or mispunctuates, is liable to be misunderstood.” - Edgar Allan Poe

3. Punctuation Apostrophes

4. Apostrophes • Use #1: The ‘ replaces missing letters in a contraction. • We are = we’re • She is= she’s • *Be careful of its and it’s: • Its= possessive form; It’s = it is.

5. Apostrophe • Use #2: The ‘ is used to form the plurals of letters and numbers. • The 1960’s were groovy! • There are too many o’s in the word “toooooooooooooooo”. • *When shortening a year put the ‘ before the last two digits. Ex. I graduated high school in ’03.

6. Apostrophes • Use #3: The ‘ is used to form possessives(to show ownership). • There are three rules which must be memorized:  • Of a singular noun: Add ‘S • Girl’s dress; man’s car • Of a plural noun that does not end in S: Add ‘S • Women’s dresses; men’s cars • Of a plural noun that ends in S: Just add the ‘ • Friends’ books, nurses’ uniforms

7. Apostrophe • (ask yourself: “Is it more than one or just one?” If it is one of anything on earth add ‘s. If it is more than one, ask yourself: Does it already end is s?” If it does, just add’) •  Together, let’s add the ‘ where needed. • Her mother smile • Women work • Several boys bikes

8. Apostrophe Practice • Please complete exercises 1 & 2 in your punctuation guide packet. • Turn to pages 310-315 in your workbooks. *We’ve already completed these, but now that you know the rules make any corrections that you need to make.

10. Semicolons • Use #1: We use a ; to glue two sentences together: • I’m not going out; it is raining • Use #2: We use a ; when there are already commas in a series of things: • Elmira, New York; Horseheads, New York; and Ithaca, New York are all nice towns.

12. Colon • Use #1: We use a : after the greeting of a business letter: • Dear Sir or Madam: • Use #2: We use a : to introduce a list of items: • Bring the following: a pen, a pencil, paper, and your book.

13. Extra Uses • Use #3: We use a : between the numbers in the time of day, locations in a book, or separating the primary and secondary heading of a book. • 8:00am • Genesis 1:5 • Hopeful: A Tale of Surviving Cancer

14. Colon • Now you try: Insert needed colons. • Dear Mr. President • He ate the following foods pizza, hot dogs, chips, and cake. • The book is titled Great Danes A Complete Breed Profile.

15. Practice • Complete Exercise 3 and 4 in your packet. • Complete pages 292 and 295

17. What do these three pictures have in common?

18. THE MIGHTY COMMA • USES:  • in a series: • We read, write, and speak English. • separating several adjectives: • I want a bright, shiny, new bike. • separating introductory words and clauses: • Yes, the Yankees are still in first place. • with interrupters: • You may, of course, choose not to believe that.

19. THE MIGHTY COMMA 5. When speaking directly to someone. • Don’t cry, Derek. • With appositives: • Mr. Carpenter, our favorite teacher, doesn’t like the Red Sox. 7. With first, second, and third: • First, Mr. Carpenter is always right; second, The Giants are in first place, not second; third, it won’t be long until they win again.

20. Practice Break As a class, let’s insert the commas: • My favorite colors are green purple and blue. • I teach smart funny talented students. • English is of course the best class ever. • The best school Drakes Creek Middle School is the one we attend. • First we will do our work; second we might play jeopardy.

21. www.chompchomp.com

22. Practice • www.grammarbytes.com • Complete exercise 5 in your packetfor homework! • When you’re finished, please begin showing your ability to use apostrophes, semicolons, colons, and the first 7 uses of commas (make that connection from practice to USAGE).

23. How are You Doing so Far?(on your own paper) • Apostrophes: • Use #1 – 1 sentence • Use #2 – 1 sentence • Use #3 – 3 sentences (1 for each rule) • Semicolons • Use #1 – 1 sentence • Use #2 – 1 sentence • Colons • Use #1 – 1 example • Use #2 – 1 sentence • Use #3 – an example of each • Commas (1st 7 uses) • Use #1 - 1 sentence • Use #2 – 1 sentence • Use #3 – 1 sentence • Use #4 – 1 sentence • Use #5 – 1 sentence • Use #6 – 1 sentence • Use #7 – 1 sentence • Circle your correct usage of these punctuation marks in each sentence!

25. THE MIGHTY COMMA • after the greeting and closing in a friendly letter • Dear Sue, • Love, 9. between the date of the month and the year: • October 31, 2007 10. between the city and the state: • Horseheads, New York 11. to show a pause and/or to group words so that they make sense: • After eating, Otis always takes a nap.

26. THE MIGHTY COMMA 12. to set off words right before or after a quotation: • Mr. Carpenter said, “Good effort.” • “Good effort,” Mr. Carpenter said. 13. with words that give extra information but don’t need to be there to have a complete sentence: • The students, who all have Mr. C., think English rocks. 14. in a compound sentence (two sentences joined by a command a conjunction partnership): • A storm came, but school did not close.

27. COMMA PRACTICE • Complete exercise 6 in your packet. • Look at pages 281-289. Now that you know the rules, make any changes that you need to make.

29. Word Choice Their, There, or They’re

30. Word Choice Lose, Loose

31. Word Choice Loss, Lost

32. Word Choice Whose, Who's

33. Word Choice Who vs. Whom

34. Word Choice Good vs. Well

35. Word Choice To, Too, Two

37. Spelling • ie vs. ei • Prefixes • Suffixes • Plurals