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The Middle ages

The Middle ages. Outcome: Church Reform & The Crusades. Church Reform & The Crusades. Age of Faith Between 500 - 1000 Europe was a dark age Around the 900s , a new spirit invaded the church and brought about a spiritual revival in the clergy. Church Reform & The Crusades.

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The Middle ages

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  1. The Middle ages Outcome: Church Reform & The Crusades

  2. Church Reform & The Crusades • Age of Faith • Between 500-1000 Europe was a dark age • Around the 900s, a new spirit invaded the church and brought about a spiritual revival in the clergy

  3. Church Reform & The Crusades • Problems in the Church • Village priests were married and had families ---> against Church rulings • Bishops sold positions in the Church, this was called simony • Kings used lay investiture

  4. Church Reform & The Crusades • Reform • Popes Leo IX and Gregory VII enforced Church laws against simony and marriage • Papal Curia (pope’s advisers) acted as a court • Developed canon law on matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance • Decided cases based on canon law • Church used taxes to pay for the sick and poor- most hospitals in Europe

  5. Church Reform & The Crusades • Result: The Age of Faith helped push the Church closer to an empire rather than being simply a religious order. Wars of conquest were inspired which would give way to the violent holy wars known as the Crusades.

  6. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Crusades • What is a crusade? • A holy war involving the journey of thousands of Europeans to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem in the name of Christianity • In all, there were 8 or 9 Crusades (depending on your source)

  7. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Pope Urban II called for a holy war against Muslims controlling holy lands • Social: Opportunity to get knights to stop fighting each other and fight a new foe. These knights threatened peace in Europe.

  8. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Economic: Younger sons who did not stand to inherit father’s property were looking for wealth and adventure • Economic: Merchants supplied loans to finance the journey

  9. Church Reform & The Crusades • Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons • Political: A chance for the pope to gain territory instead of Byzantine rival • Spiritual: Kill Muslims = ticket to heaven (Christian contradiction)

  10. Church Reform & The Crusades • When were the Crusades? • Starts in 1093 and lasts for nearly 300 years

  11. Church Reform & The Crusades • What happened: • First and Second Crusade • Urban’s call brought tremendous support for the Crusade • Those who died on Crusade were assured a place in heaven • “God wills it!” was the battle cry • 3,000 mile journey from Europe to Jerusalem • Eventually, 12,000 approached Jerusalem and besieged it for a month • On July 15, 1099, the Christians captured the city

  12. Church Reform & The Crusades • First and Second Crusade • The Second Crusade was organized to recapture the city of Edessa • In 1187, Europeans were shocked to learn that Saladin and the Muslims had captured Jerusalem again

  13. The Second Crusade

  14. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Third Crusade • Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful monarchs • Philip II of France – went home • German Emperor Frederick – drowned on journey

  15. Church Reform & The Crusades • The Third Crusade • English King Richard the Lion-Hearted • Fought many battles against Saladin • Agreed to a truce with Saladin in 1192 • Jerusalem stayed under Muslim control • Saladin promised unarmed Christians could freely visit the city’s holy places

  16. Church Reform & The Crusades • Other attempts • 4th Crusade failed to recapture Jerusalem • In the 1200s, four more Crusades were also unsuccessful • The Children’s Crusade

  17. Church Reform & The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Example of Church power • Trade was expanded between Europe and Southwest Asia • Failure of later crusades lessened the power of the pope • The Crusades weakened the power of the feudal nobility • Increased power of kings • Thousands of knights and other participants lost their lives • Began a legacy of bitterness and hatred of Christians for the Muslims • Persecution of Jews • Those who survived brought back culture to Europe

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