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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Ethnographic Designs EDUC 640 Dr. William M. Bauer. Key Ideas. History of ethnographic research Types of ethnographic studies Key characteristics of ethnographic design Steps in conducting an ethnographic study. A Brief History of Ethnographic Research.

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Ethnographic Designs EDUC 640 Dr. William M. Bauer l

  2. Key Ideas • History of ethnographic research • Types of ethnographic studies • Key characteristics of ethnographic design • Steps in conducting an ethnographic study l

  3. A Brief History of Ethnographic Research • Ethnography has been shaped by cultural anthropology with an emphasis on writing about culture • 1928 Mead study of childbearing, adolescence, and influence of culture on personality in Samoa • 1920’s - 1950’s Single case emphasis at University of Chicago l

  4. A Brief History of Ethnographic Research • 1980’s Educational Ethnographies • 1997 publication of Writing Culture that highlighted two major issues • crisis of representation: how ethnographers interpret the groups they are studying • crisis of “legitimacy:”standards do not come from “normal science.” Studies must be evaluated by standards within the participants historical, cultural, influences and interactive forces of race, gender and class l

  5. Types of Ethnographic Studies: Realist Ethnographies • Narrates study from in person reporting what is observed • Research reports objective data free from personal bias • Researcher produces the participants’ views through closely edited quotes and has final word on interpretation l

  6. Types of Ethnographic Studies: Case Studies • Case may be a single individual or several individuals • A case may be a process • A case may be selected because it’s unusual • Researcher develops understanding of the case by collecting multiple forms of data • Researcher locates the “case” or “cases” within their larger context l

  7. Types of Qualitative Case Studies Intrinsic Case Study Unusual Case Study an intrinsic, unusual case. Instrumental Case Study Study a case that provides insight into an issue or theme Issue Case Multiple Instrumental Case Study (also called a Collective Case Study Case Study several cases that provide insight into an issue (or theme) Issue Case Case l

  8. Characteristics of Critical Ethnography • Critical researchers are usually politically minded people • Critical ethnographers speak to an audience on behalf of their participants as a means of empowering participants by giving them more authority • Critical ethnographers seek to change society l

  9. Characteristics of Critical Ethnography • Critical ethnographers identify and celebrate their biases in research. They recognize that all research is value laden • Critical ethnographers challenge the status quo and ask why it is so l

  10. Characteristics of Critical Ethnography • Critical researchers seek to connect the meaning of a situation to broader structures of social power and control • Critical researchers seek to create a literal dialogue with the participants they are studying l

  11. Key Characteristics of an Ethnographic Design • An exploration of cultural themes drawn from cultural anthropology • A study of a culture-sharing group • An examination of shared patterns of behavior, belief and language • A collection of data through fieldwork experiences l

  12. Key Characteristics of an Ethnographic Design • A description and analysis of themes about the culture-sharing group • A presentation of description, themes, and interpretation within the context or setting of the group • A reflexivity by the researcher about his or her impact on the research site and cultural group l

  13. Steps in Conducting Ethnographic Research • Identify intent and type of design and relate intent to your research problem • Discuss approval and access considerations • Use appropriate data collection procedures • Analyze and interpret data within a design • Write report consistent with your design l

  14. Criteria for Evaluating an Ethnographic Design: Research Evaluation • Clearly identify culture-sharing group • Identify the cultural patterns • Describe the group or case in detail • Identify the context of the group or case l

  15. Criteria for Evaluating an Ethnographic Design: Research Evaluation • Reflect on the researcher’s role • Develop a broad interpretation of the patterns • Have the interpretation flow from the description and themes • Provide a sense of how the culture works l

  16. Applying What you Have Learned: Ethnographic Designs Review the article and look for the following: • The research problem and use of quantitative research • Use of the literature • The purpose statement and research hypothesis • Types and procedures of data collection • Types and procedures of data analysis and interpretation • The overall report structure l

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