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Decentralisation

Decentralisation. and accountable participatory governance. Ciara Aucoin, Colm Moloney and Wahidullah Stanikzai Masters in Development Practice. Decentralisation. Centralised state Developing states reform 1980s- pressure from IMF, UN, WB and donor countries

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Decentralisation

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  1. Decentralisation and accountable participatory governance Ciara Aucoin, Colm Moloney and Wahidullah Stanikzai Masters in Development Practice

  2. Decentralisation • Centralised state • Developing states reform 1980s- pressure from IMF, UN, WB and donor countries • Motivations for decentralisation: • Policies and programmes can be tailored to better reflect local needs • The transparency and accountability of public affairs can be increased • Democracy can broadened through increased participation by the population But the motivations can be far from ideal …

  3. Types of Decentralisation

  4. Devolution

  5. The Risks of Decentralisation • Decentralisation can enable clientelistic patterns of state-society relations • Decentralisation can create opportunities for state capture • Decentralisation can exacerbate disparities • Decentralisation and Conflict: mixed perspectives

  6. Shaping the outcomes of Decentralisation The importance of Context Motivations National Leaders Capacity Power Relations National Institutional Arrangements Local Gov. Interests Civil Society Interests Local Government Space for Public Participation Accountability Local Gov. Power Relations Civil Society Power Relations Local Gov. Capacity Civil Society Capacity Local State-Society relations Outcomes

  7. Shaping the outcomes of Decentralisation National Institutional Arrangements: The legal framework Motivations National Leaders Capacity Power Relations National Institutional Arrangements • Define the responsibilities being transferred (e.g. fiscal, political, administrative) • Define the legal status of sub-national governments (e.g. degree of autonomy, accountability channels, requirements for elections, requirements for public participation

  8. Shaping the outcomes of Decentralisation Local State-Society Arrangements Local Gov. Interests Civil Society Interests Local Government Space for Public Participation Accountability Local Gov. Power Relations Civil Society Power Relations Local Gov. Capacity Civil Society Capacity Local State-Society Arrangements Outcomes • Determined by interactions between Local Government and Civil Society • Influence decentralisation outcomes at the local level

  9. Decentralisation in Practice How far the observed outcomes diverge? Does it increase public participation Does it increase accountability Does it reduce disparities What can be learned?

  10. Does it increase accountability? Yes for...South Africa, IDP forums Not in.....Indonesia, Susceptible to clientelism & capture On balance... In Malawi, CCJP and MENJ Constituency Development Funds (CDFs)

  11. Does it reduce disparity? Poverty, not very positive in Uganda Gender, very positive in Cambodia, Uganda, Rwanda, ---- but not in the case of South Africa Ethnic, yes for Nigeria, not really in Indonesia

  12. Conclusion: What can we learn? • It is not one size fit all approach • NGO’s and Civil Societies can play a significant role • Effective decentralisation requires effective state

  13. Conclusion: What can we learn? • It is not one size fit all approach • NGO’s and Civil Societies can play a significant role • Effective decentralisation requires effective state • Thank you for your attention, questions welcome

  14. References • Antlov, Brinkerhoff and Rapp (2008) ‘Civil Society Organizations and Democratic Reform: Progress, Capacities, and Challenges in Indonesia’  RTI International’ Paper presented at: 37th Annual Conference Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action, Philadelphia PA  November 20-22, 2008 • Cammack, Diana, Golooba-Mutebi, Fred, Kanyongolo, Fidelis and O’Neil, Tam  (2007) ‘Neopatrimonial Politics, Decentralisation and Local Government: Uganda and Malawi in 2006’ Good Governance, Aid Modalities and Poverty Reduction: Linkages to the Millennium Development Goals and Implications for Irish Aid,  Research project (RP-05-GG) of  the Advisory Board for Irish Aid • http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4746.pdf • Chhoeun, Sok and  Byrne (2008) ‘Citadel of Women’: strengthening female leadership in rural Cambodia’ in Gender & Development Vol. 16, No. 3, November 2008, Oxfam GB 2008 • Duncan, Christopher R. (2007) ‘Mixed Outcomes: The Impact of Regional Autonomy and Decentralization on Indigenous Ethnic Minorities in Indonesia’ in Development and Change 38(4): 711–733 (2007). Institute of Social Studies 2007 Blackwell Publishing, UK • Eckardt, Sebastian (2007) ‘Political Accountability, Fiscal Conditions and Local Governance Performance- Cross- Sectional Evidence from Indonesia’ Institute of Local Public Finance Working Paper 02-2007   • Fritzen, Scott A.  and Lim, Patrick W. O. (2006) ‘Problems and Prospects of Decentralization in Developing Countries’ LKY School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore • Hadiz Vedi R. (2004) Decentralization and Democracy in Indonesia: A Critique of Neo-Institutionalist Perspectives in Development and Change 35(4): 697–718 (2004). # Institute of Social Studies 2004. Blackwell Publishing  UK • Kauzya, John- Mary (2007) ‘Political Decentralization In Africa: Experiences of Uganda, Rwanda and South Africa’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs • United Nations • Kiyaga-Nsubuga, John (2001) ‘Strengthening Democracy at the Local Level: A Survey of Some Critical Issues’, for the United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN). • http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN010201.pdf • Selee, Tulehin and Oxhorn (2004) ed. ‘Decentralisation, Democratic Governance, and Civil Society in Comparative Perspective: Africa, Asia and Latin America’ Woodrow Wilson Centre Press, Washington D.C.

  15. References (Cont.) • Internal publications: • ‘Decentralisation Key Sheet’- Pro-poor Infrastructure Provision, Overseas Development Institute, on behald of DFID, UK. April 2002 found at: • http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/2327.pdf • The Politics of Poverty: Elites, Citizens and States, A Synthesis Paper: Findings from ten years of DFID-funded research on Governance and Fragile States 2001–2010 • http://www.research4development.info/politicsofpoverty.asp • CRISE Policy Briefing no. 3 ‘Federalism, Decentralisation and Horizontal Inequalities’  - University of Oxford, Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). • http://www.research4development.info/PDF/Outputs/Inequality/policybriefing3.pdf • ‘Building for the Future, Speaking Out, Promgramme Insights, Oxfam GB, Nov. 2008 • World Bank 2000: http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/decentralization/political.htm

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