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Meaning of Decentralisation

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Meaning of Decentralisation

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  1. Decentralistaion in IndiaMeaning of decentralistaionWhy do we decentralised powerAmendment of constitutionfeatures of this amendmentWorking of rural local givernmentPowers and responsibilities of PanchayatsFunctions of GramaSabhaDe merits of local self governmentAn experiment in Brazil

  2. Meaning of Decentralisation Is the process of dispersing or distributing decision making power to the smaller units. Its objective is to transfer the power to the local level. So that the local problems and concerns are solved in the best way

  3. Why do we decentralise power (Importance) Decentralisation means taking power from the central authority and giving it to lower level authorities. Some states in India very big in terms of population such as Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. Also very diverse in religion, culture and language. It becomes very difficult for state govt to take care of various social interests. So the better way- power is given to various local govts to take decision related to their respected areas. Decentralisation ensures- smooth and effective functioning of the political system in such diverse state.

  4. Constitutional Amendment- Decentralisation In 1992, 73rd Amendment Act gave constitutional status to the Panchayati raj institution. It created the third tier of the Federalism below the C.G and S.G level. The objective of this amendment was to make democracy more powerful and effective by giving power to the grassroots units of Self govt.

  5. Salient Features of The Amendment Act- 1992 To provide three tier system of Panchayati Raj for all the states having population of over 20 lakhs. To hold Panchayat Elections every 5 years. To provide reservation of seats for the SC, ST and Women (not less than 33%) To appoint state finance commission to make recommendations as regards the financial power of the panchayats. To constitute district planning committee to prepare draft development plan for the district as a whole.

  6. Functions of Rural Local Govt Under the 3- tier system of decentralisation, ZillaParishad is the apex body at the District level. It is followed by PanchayatSamitis at the block level as the second tier and is further followed by Gramapanchayat as the third tier. Each village, has a gramapanchayats whose mebers are elected by the entire adult population of that village. A few gram panchayats are joined together to form the panchayatSamiti or Block. All the panchayatSamitis in a district collectively make the ZillaParishad.

  7. Powers and Responsibilities of Panchayat 1. Preparation of plan for economic development and Social justice for the village. 2. Implementation of schemes for economic development of the village. 3. It will charge and collect all the due taxes, duties, tolls and fees.

  8. Functions of Gram Sabha In the Gram sabha meeting, the poor rural people, women and the marginalized people get the opportunity to join in decision making on matters affecting their lives. 1. Should meet at least in each quarter preferably in Republic day, labour day, independence day and Gandhi Jayanti. 2. It should decide the developmental work which is to be carried out by the panchayats. 3. It should suggest remedial measures for economy and efficiency in the functioning of the panchayat.

  9. 4. It should question and examine the decisions of the panchayats in the meeting of Gram Sabha. 5. It should discuss the Annual Financial Statement of Gram Panchayats and examines the revenues and expenditure.

  10. Demerits of Local Self Government Irregular Elections : In most states, election to panchayat are irregular and uncertain leading to monopoly of the previously elected powers. Domination of Upper Class : Mostly dominated by the rich farmers, money lenders and Upper caste people. Ignorance, Illiteracy and Poverty of the Villagers : Ignorance about the rights is high among the villagers. Excessive official Control : District officials unnecessarily interfere the panchayat matters. Lack of adequate funds : Need lot of money for the developmental activities. This leads the ill functioning of the Panchayats System.

  11. Functions of Municipality Set up in towns. Big cities are constituted in to – Municipal Corporations. Both Municipality and Municipal corporations are controlled by elected bodies consisting of peoples representatives. Municipal Chairperson is the political head of the municipality. In Municipal Corporations are under the control of Mayor.

  12. Look page number 22 & 23 (language) Page number : 26 (Brazil) Find out the answers of Text book questions.

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