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Career Paths for Materials Science and Engineering Graduates. Dr. Laura J. Turbini Chemistry Lab Manager and Principal Scientist Research in Motion. My Checkered Career. AB, Chemistry MS and PhD, Inorganic Chemistry High School Teacher Industry Researcher and Manager Technical Editor
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Career Paths for Materials Science and Engineering Graduates Dr. Laura J. Turbini Chemistry Lab Manager and Principal Scientist Research in Motion
My Checkered Career AB, Chemistry MS and PhD, Inorganic Chemistry High School Teacher Industry Researcher and Manager Technical Editor University Professor Research Centre Director Lab Manager Principal Scientist Materials Advantage University of Toronto
Engineer Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
MS/PhD Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Jobs Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Business Man/Woman Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Marketing and Sales Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Design Engineer Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Project Management Materials Advantage University of Toronto
Industry Management Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Executive Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Professor Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Materials in Microelectronics Materials Advantage, University of Toronto
Head on Pillow Materials Advantage University of Toronto
Dendritic Growth • Copper dendrite growing from cathode. • Forms only when copper-complexing reagent present SMTA Toronto Workshop 2007
Depletion of Anode:Open Circuit SMTA Toronto Workshop 2007
Tin Dendrites Materials Advantage University of Toronto
Important Electrical Parameters • Electric Field • E = V/d • Ohms Law • V = IR • Resistance • R = (d/A) • Conductivity • = 1/ OH- Br- H+ Pb+ Cu+2 Cl- Sn+4 SMTA Toronto Workshop 2007
+ Anode - Cathode A Closer Look at CAF • Conductive Anodic Filaments are copper-containing corrosion by-products that emanate from the anode of a circuit and “grow” subsurface toward the cathode, frequently along the fibre-epoxy interface. CAF TMS Annual Meeting
_ + + _ + Trace-to-hole Hole-to-trace Hole-to-hole Trace-to-trace Conductor Configurations TMS Annual Meeting
Catastrophic CAF Failure Cathode Anode TMS Annual Meeting
Corrosion of Copper in Chloride Media Pourbaix Diagram of Cu-Cl-H2O system • Formation of CuCl • Cu + Cl- CuCl + 1e- • Generation of oxygen and hydrogen ions • 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e- • CAF Formation • 12 CuCl+ 3O2 + 6H2O 4Cu2(OH)3Cl+ 4Cu2+ + 8Cl- A. Caputo, L.J. Turbini, and D.D. Perovic, Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 39, pp. 92-96, 2010
SEM Analysis of PCB cross-section HDI Filled Epoxy Prepreg Copper Core Glass Fibres Prepreg HDI 23
Epoxy and fillers characterization • Silica is used to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) • Aluminum and magnesium hydroxides are used as flame retardants
Time to Delamination H150 Delamination between epoxy/glass fibers and epoxy/epoxy Mg
Overlap curves with all materials Temperature to decomposition (Td) Derivative wt% change/˚C vs. T Materials with Al(OH)3 Materials without Al(OH)3 • The presence of Al(OH)3 causes an increase in the rate of weight loss as this compounds starts decomposing at 200˚C 27
Questions? Materials Advantage, University of Toronto