Entrance Ticket

1. Entrance Ticket • Do you believe in “predestination” -- or what some people call -- “fate”? Why or why not? • If you could be told your future, would you choose to hear it? Why or why not?

2. Ancient Greece Unit Sophocles and Oedipus Rex

3. T= Oedipus the King A= Sophocles (496 B.C. – 406 B.C.) N= Greek G= Drama Pages 204-262

4. The History of Greek Drama Learning Stations • Your group will rotate to all 5 stations and complete some of your unit notes about the history of Greek drama. • You will have 7 minutes in each station.

5. Sophocles • Wrestler, musician, general, politician • Very handsome and successful • Celebrated playwright • Wrote over 120 plays • Won 24 first prizes • Only 7 plays remain – the most famous: Oedipus Rex • Added the third actor to the cast of his plays—before this, all dramas were played with only two characters other than the Chorus

6. Greece in the 4th Century B.C • Greece was the superpower of the known world • The Greeks worshipped many gods: Zeus, Hera, Athena, Apollo, etc. • Greek citizens were required to attend festivals to worship and honor the gods.

7. Greek TheatreYou are responsible for knowing this material! The origins of ancient Greek drama (theatre) began with dances and songs. Dionysus was specifically honored for being the god of wine and procreation. The official debut of theatre records was during the sixth century. Greek theatres were held outdoors.

8. Festival of Dionysus • During this religious festival there was a theater competition – each competing playwright submitted 3 tragedies and 1 comedy • Winners won a goat • The most successful and recognized playwright was Sophocles

9. Theater of the Greeks • Every show was done during the day • Audiences could be as many as 15,000 people • Minimal, if any set • All the actors were men. Women were not allowed to act and were excluded from the audience ormade to sit in the upper rows of the theater • Never showed any violence on stage

10. Women in Ancient Greece… (10 min) • Read the information sheet about women in ancient Greece and answer the questions that follow. • Share three things from your reading that you found surprising • Copy on the bottom of your paper under Did You Know? --In ancient Greece women counted their age from the date on which they were married, not from the date of their birth.

11. The five parts in a Greek tragedy • Prologue: provides information about prior events • Parodos: entrance of the chorus • Episodes: acting and dialogue part of the play • Ode: chorus part of the play • Exodos: departure of all characters and the chorus

12. More Theater of the Greeks • The Chorus was a group of 15 men who spoke in one voice as one “character.” They represented the people and summarized the action, and offered prayers to the gods.

13. The word chorus has multiple meanings. Add details to the graphic organizer to show how chorus functions in the texts listed in the circles.

14. The Greek Actor: It was a citizen’s civic duty to participate in Greek dramas. Heavy robes and platform shoes were worn to add size and distinction. Masks were the most distinctive features.

15. The Mask The five uses of masks were to: identify age, sex, mood, rank, and used as a megaphone. Masks were made of: bark, cork, leather, and linen. A mask was called a persona. (Much like an actor takes on the persona of his or her character)

16. Brain Break-Litter Box Rules/Directions: • Partners ball up a piece of paper and place it on the desk. • Partners pick up the paper and place the paper ball in the trash bin. • Using forehead and back of hand only!!

17. Literary Terms to Know and Apply: (15 min) If you don’t finish, complete for homework. • Tragedy (pg. 199) • Tragic flaw (pg. 199) • Epithet • In media res • Epiphany • Hamartia (pg. 263) • Hubris (pg. 263) • Dynamic Character • Static Character • Dramatic irony • Situational irony • Verbal irony • Direct characterization • Indirect characterization

18. Unit Notes Review 1. ______________ were the most distinctive features of the character’s costume. 2. Theatre began as ____________________. 3. From what four items were masks made? 4. List three functions of masks in Greek drama. 5. What function does the chorus serve?

19. Drama GamesYou are going to be either an actor or an audience member in a drama game. • Only four words can be spoken: “Hi Honey, I’m Home.” Actors will receive cards with a brief scenario. Each will make an entrance saying only the four words and using appropriate gestures and movements to convey the situation. • Actors will make a mask that reflects the emotion of the scenario on the card and wear it during the entrance. • You will watch this enactment and try to guess what the scenario is by observing the actor’s movements and listening to his or her voice.

20. OedipusRex Notes… • Background Information (5 min) • Read the summary of “The Story of Oedipus” pg. 200 • Literary Terms to Pay Attention to… • Situational Irony – when a character or reader expects one thing to happen but something else entirely happens • Verbal Irony – when someone says one thing but means another • Dramatic Irony – the contrast between what a character knows and what the reader or audience knows (Greek tragedies used this to create suspense and humor)

21. Sphinx’s Riddle…how smart are you? • What walks on four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three in the evening? • Answers? (you die if you get it wrong…) • A human – child, healthy adult, old man with a cane The Sphinx had the head of a woman, the body of a lion, and the wings of an eagle

22. Oedipus Rex Notes… • Remember: • This is a story that was not invented by Sophocles • The original audiences would have known the story and how it ended

23. Apollo… • Greek godof music, medicine, light, truth, and poetry • Had an oracle at Delphi – which was the most famous oracle of Ancient Greece • An oracle is a priestess who delivers the prophesies of the gods

24. Oedipus Rex Notes… • Themes • The quest for identity • Limits of free will • The abuse of power • Symbolism • Sight and Light = Truth • Blindness and Dark = Ignorance/lies • Motifs (when an author uses a literary element over and over – in this case symbols and irony – that emphasize the themes) • Dramatic irony • Sight vs. Blindness / Light vs. Dark

25. What Is Theme? Theme—the central idea, or insight, about life or human behavior that a story reveals Living a simple life leads to greater personal freedom. The deepest loneliness is sometimes felt when we are among friends.

26. Universal Themes • A theme is a generalization about life or human nature. • Certain types of experiences are common to all people everywhere.

27. Universal Themes • come up again and again in literature • deal with basic human concerns—good and evil, life and death, love and loss • shine a light on our common experiences • can help guide us through our lives

28. Universal Themes Quick Check Match these familiar stories to the appropriate universal theme. Stories The Little Red Hen Beauty and the Beast The Three Little Pigs The Ugly Duckling The Frog Prince A It pays to work hard and plan ahead. B Appearances can be deceiving.

29. Finding the Theme The theme is not the same thing as the subject. • The subject is simply the topic. It can be stated in a single word, such as loyalty. • The theme makes some revelation about the subject and should be expressed in a sentence: “Loyalty to a leader is not always noble.”

30. Finding the Theme Writers often express theme through what their characters learn. • Does the main character change? • Does a character realize something he or she did not know before?

31. Finding the Theme Conflict helps reveal theme. • What is the conflict, or struggle between opposing forces, that the main character faces? • How is the conflict resolved? Conflict Resolution Theme Two friends find a wallet. One friend wants to return it to the owner; the other wants to keep it. They return the wallet and share a small reward. People are often rewarded for making the right moral decision.

32. Theme Development • Thoughts, speech, actions of characters • identifying shared values and experiences between groups or generations • repetition of ideas in different forms • repeated symbols • contrast of values

33. Finding the Theme Sometimes the title gives clues. • Does the title have a special meaning? • Does it point to the theme? The theme applies to the entire work. • Test your statement of the theme. Does it apply to the whole work, not just to parts of it?

34. Making a Judgment Quick Check Classify each theme as either valid or not valid. Explain your choices. True love solves all of life’s problems. People who have a lot of money or power are sometimes greedy for more. People who do good deeds will be happy and will not suffer.

35. Theme Review • 1. What is theme? What is the difference between topic and theme? • 2. How is theme often revealed? • Are plots, themes, and characters of classical literature still relevant today? How?

36. Homework Title: Find one for each of the following: Topic: • Song • Story • Poem • Movie • Create a chart for each and write down its theme. • How the main character changes: • How the conflict is resolved: • What the title suggests: Theme:

37. During Reading Activities Assign parts: Oedipus – King of Thebes A priest of Zeus Creon- brother of Jocasta Choragos- leader of the chorus Tiresias- blind prophet Jocasta- queen, wife of Oedipus Messenger from Corinth Shepherd Messenger of Thebes Chorus- Theban citizens List clues to the killer. Apply literary terms.

38. Prologue & Scene 1 Exit Ticket and Review • 1. List three disasters that are occurring in Thebes? Why is Thebes suffering from a death plague? • 2. Why does Oedipus become angry with Teiresias? • 3. What are three things Teiresias foreshadowed in his prophecy for Oedipus? • 4. If you could be told your future, would you choose to hear it? Why or why not?

39. Trust Walk…After reading Prologue & Scene One • In what ways is Oedipus blind? • With a partner take turns blindfolding each other. The partner with sight should lead around his classmate helping him/her avoid obstacles and narrating what he sees. The “blind” student uses his senses of touch, smell, and hearing to “see” in new ways. 1. How did you feel when you were blind folded? Could you “see” in other ways? 2. How did you feel when you were the leader? Did your responsibility sharpen your own sight?

40. How do Blind People Read and Write? (15 min) • Silently read “Louis Braille’s Magic Dots” information sheet and answer the following in complete sentences: Questions 1. In the early 1800s, how did blind children learn? 2. How did Louis Braille lose his sight? 3. Who invented “night writing”? What was its purpose? 4. How many dots are there in a braille cell? 5. When did the United States adopt the braille system?

41. Brain BreakStand and Complete Son of a gun Right between the eyes Just between you and me

42. While Reading Scene 2 Let’s Discuss Oedipus and Creon’s argument: Oedipus’ Main Points: Creon?????? • 1. Teiresias isn’t a real prophet for he would have solved the Sphinx’s riddle. • 2. Creon is a eloquent speaker thus manipulates others. • 3. Creon told Oedipus to send Teiresias which shows that they are plotting together. • 4. Why didn’t Teiresias find the killer if he is a prophet?

43. After reading Part One,Analyze the incidents of dramatic irony. If you don’t finish, complete for homework. (15 min) Fill out the 3-column T-chart sheet to indicate what Oedipus knows opposed to what the audience knows.

44. Think-Pair-Share (3 min) • With your shoulder partner create a list of famous people who have been guilty of the character flaw(s) listed in the inner circle. Use the reference words in the four corners to extend your thinking. Arrogance Literature Politics Arrogance Ambition Pride Sports & Entertainment History

45. What are Oedipus’ characteristics? Harmatias Oedipus is proud of his intelligence, his courage, and his station in life. He is stubborn when he believes himself to be right, is quick to fight back when threatened, and is quick to cast judgment on others. (ll.505-514). Good Traits • Oedipus sincerely loves his people and is concerned, sympathetic and eager to help rid the plague cast upon them (ll.13-15).

46. REVIST OUR LITERARY TERMS! 1. Indirect characterization: the writer reveals information about a character and his personality through that character's thoughts, words, and actions • 2. Hubris-excessive pride • 3. Hamartia: character flaws

47. Analyzing Oedipus Rex 1. Take a sheet of white typing paper 2. Create an Oedipus character from magazine cutouts 3. Give traits for the following: • Harmatias (should have 4 traits) • Good qualities (should have 3 traits) • Label each as indirect or direct characterization 4. For each trait give textual evidence from the play with the page number to support your answer. 5. In a paragraph below the feet of Oedipus, explain your prediction of Oedipus’s downfall. Write in complete sentences.

48. Brain BreakSports Galore !! Mimic the sport: • 􀂾 Shooting a jump shot • 􀂾 Running through tires • 􀂾 Batting a baseball • 􀂾 Serving a tennis ball • 􀂾 Downhill skiing • 􀂾 Spiking a volleyball • 􀂾 Swinging a golf club • 􀂾 Throwing a football • 􀂾 Juggling a soccer ball • 􀂾 Shooting an arrow • 􀂾 Swimming underwater • 􀂾 Fielding a ground ball and throwing it to first base • 􀂾 Dunking a basketball

49. Scene 3 Exit Ticket and Review 1. How does Jocasta show disrespect to the gods? 2. Why does Oedipus and Jocasta not notice the similarities between their past oracles? 3. What clue led Jocasta to understand who Oedipus is? 4. Why does Oedipus not listen to Jocasta when she said to stop questioning about his parents? 5. What is one fact from the shepherd that would prove Oedipus’ innocence?

50. After Reading Scene 3:Copy and explain the irony in each of the following examples in Oedipus by identifying the points of contrast. Determine whether the example represents verbal, situational, or dramatic irony.HONORS: For each type of irony, also give two everyday examples. (15 min) LEFT SIDE In scene 3 the messenger from Corinth calls himself Oedipus’ “savior.” Teiresias, the prophet, is blind but is clairvoyant. Teiresias says to Oedipus: “I say that you, with both your eyes, are blind.” In the Prologue Oedipus states, “ . . . by avenging the murdered King I protect myself.” At the end of scene 3, Oedipus asks, “How could I wish that I were someone else? How could I not be glad to know my birth?” • Situational Irony - A man takes a step aside in order to avoid getting sprinkled by a wet dog, and falls into a swimming pool. • Verbal Irony: The simple comment, "Oh Great" after something rotten happens. • Dramatic Irony: When the main character (in a scary movie), is being chased by a killer and we know that the killer is hiding in the closet but the character doesn’t.