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Michael J. Smolen, Lithochimeia, LLC - Stillwater, OK

POULTRY WASTE MARKER CONSTITUENTS IN EDGE OF FIELD RUNOFF SAMPLES FROM THE ILLINOIS RIVER WATERSHED. Michael J. Smolen, Lithochimeia, LLC - Stillwater, OK J. Berton Fisher, Lithochimeia, LLC -Tulsa, OK Roger Olsen, CDM – Denver, CO. lc. Poultry Production in the US. lc.

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Michael J. Smolen, Lithochimeia, LLC - Stillwater, OK

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  1. POULTRY WASTE MARKER CONSTITUENTS IN EDGE OF FIELD RUNOFF SAMPLES FROM THE ILLINOIS RIVER WATERSHED Michael J. Smolen, Lithochimeia, LLC - Stillwater, OK J. Berton Fisher, Lithochimeia, LLC -Tulsa, OK Roger Olsen, CDM – Denver, CO lc

  2. Poultry Production in the US lc

  3. Arkansas & Oklahoma15.5% of 2008 Broiler Production • Arkansas: 2nd largest producing state • 1,160,000,000 birds • 6,380,000 ,000 lbs (5.5 lbs/bird) • $2,934,800,000 ($2.53/bird) • Oklahoma was 11th largest producing • 237,800,000 birds • 1,260,300,000 lbs (5.3 lbs/bird) • $579,738,000 ($2.44/bird) Source: USDA. 2010. Poultry – Production and Value 2009 Summary http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/PoulProdVa/PoulProdVa-04-29-2010.pdf lc

  4. Poultry and Water Quality Washington County, AR Muddy Fork of the Illinois River Kinion Lake lc

  5. Poultry and Water Quality lc

  6. Poultry/Livestock Production Process Model Amino Acids Anti-microbials Corn Poultry Feed Poultry Soy Forage Phosphates Poultry Feed Constituents in Runoff Cattle Groundwater Meat & Poultry Products Surface Streams lc

  7. Nutrient Flow in Poultry Production • Nutrients arrive in feed. • Feed goes to chickens. • Chicken manure goes to fertilizer. • Forage goes tocattle. • Cattle manuregoes to fieldand creek. Very little nutrient leaves as meat or milk.

  8. Illinois River WatershedSite Conceptual Model lc

  9. The Chemistry of Poultry Feeds • Corn • Soybeans • Milling/baking wastes • Fats • Phosphates • Sodium and Potassium Salts • Amino Acids • Trace minerals • Copper compounds • Zinc compounds • Vitamins • Antibiotics • Arsenic compounds • Others lc

  10. Sampling Poultry Waste lc

  11. The Chemistry of Poultry Waste lc

  12. Poultry Waste Chemistry lc

  13. Chemistry of Illinois River Watershed Wastes Poultry Waste from growers for NO ARSENIC Integrators Poultry Waste Cu/Zn Human Waste Cattle Waste As/P lc

  14. Poultry Waste Generation and Transportation lc

  15. Poultry Waste Generation and Transportation lc

  16. Poultry Waste Generation and Transportation Illinois River Watershed Oklahoma % Generated Waste Mass Disposed 80% within 5 miles or less Data from Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Poultry Database lc Distance Transported from Growing Operation (miles)

  17. IRW Poultry Waste Disposal lc

  18. Identification of Poultry Waste Disposal Sites for Soil Sampling lc

  19. Identification of Poultry Waste Disposal Sites for Soil Sampling lc

  20. Soil Chemistry at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites lc

  21. Soil Chemistry at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites lc

  22. Soil Chemistry at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites lc

  23. Soil Chemistry at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Average (mg/kg) 0-6” Data lc

  24. Chemistry of Soils at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Calculated Line of Mixing Poultry Waste Total Copper (mg/kg) Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Control Soils 0-2” interval lc Total Phosphorus (mg/kg)

  25. Chemistry of Soils at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Calculated Line of Mixing Poultry Waste Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Total Arsenic (mg/kg) Control Soils 0-2” interval Poultry Waste from growers for NO ARSENIC Integrators lc Total Phosphorus (mg/kg)

  26. Chemistry of Soils at Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Calculated Line of Mixing Poultry Waste Total Zinc (mg/kg) Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Control Soils 0-2” interval lc Total Copper (mg/kg)

  27. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Spreading observed by air team 3/15/2006 lc

  28. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Truck followed to source poultry farm by ground team lc

  29. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Field drainage analyzed; runoff focused here lc

  30. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Runoff collected after rainfall on 05/09/2006 lc STOK0037740

  31. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites N36.05596 W94.63743 March 16, 2006 @ 15:03 Spreading observed by ground team 3/15/2006 lc

  32. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Spread Site lc

  33. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Spread Site Source Spread Truck followed to source poultry farm by ground team lc

  34. Identifying Specific Poultry Waste Disposal Sites Field drainage analyzed; runoff focused here lc

  35. Chemistry of Runoff Water Calculated Line of Mixing Poultry Waste Total Copper (mg/kg) Edge of Field Runoff Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Control Soils 0-2” interval lc Total Phosphorus (mg/kg)

  36. Chemistry of Runoff Water Poultry Waste Calculated Line of Mixing Total Arsenic (mg/kg) Edge of Field Runoff Poultry Waste from growers for NO ARSENIC Integrators Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Control Soils 0-2” interval lc Total Phosphorus (mg/kg)

  37. Chemistry of Runoff Water Calculated Line of Mixing Poultry Waste Total Zinc (mg/kg) Poultry Waste Applied Soils 0-2” interval Control Soils 0-2” interval Edge of Field Runoff lc Total Copper (mg/kg)

  38. Conclusions • Poultry feeds have intentionally elevated concentrations of P, Zn, Cu and As • Poultry fecal wastes, correspondingly, have elevated concentrations of P, Zn, Cu and As • Soils to which poultry fecal waste has been applied • Have elevated concentrations of P, Zn, Cu and As • Have the chemical signature of poultry fecal wastes and uncontaminated soil • Runoff water from soils to which poultry fecal waste has been applied • Have elevated concentrations of P, Zn, Cu and As • Maintain much of the chemical signature of poultry fecal wastes lc

  39. Questions ? lc

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