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Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Basic Concepts in Chemistry . chemical any substance that takes part in, or occurs as a result of, a chemical reaction All matter can be considered to be chemicals or mixtures of chemicals. chemical reaction a rearrangement of atoms such that “what you end up with” products

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Basic Concepts in Chemistry

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  1. Basic Concepts in Chemistry

  2. chemical any substance that takes part in, or occurs as a result of, a chemical reaction All matter can be considered to be chemicals or mixtures of chemicals.

  3. chemical reaction a rearrangement of atoms such that “what you end up with” products differs from “what you started with” reactants

  4. Combustion of a Hydrocarbon carbon dioxide methane + oxygen  + water CH4(g) + 2 O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g) 2 

  5. sodium hydroxide sodium + water  hydrogen + 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l)  H2(g) + 2 NaOH(aq) 

  6. Law of Conservation of Mass total mass = total mass of reactants of products Rmass = Pmass

  7. Black Snake Demonstration Click for Video The Law of Conservation of Mass “total mass of reactants = total mass of products” H2SO4 Sugar Dehydration of sugar with the addition of sulfuric acid. During chemical reactions, no measurable change in total mass occurs.

  8. Basic Concepts in Chemistry sodium + water  hydrogen + sodium hydroxide 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l)  H2(g) + 2 NaOH(s) Let’s visualize what’s happening at the “particle level”… What happens to the particles during a chemical reaction? They are NOT created or destroyed; they are merely rearranged Is there a change in energy associated with a chemical change? Yes: heat, light, sound - perhaps not easily noticed

  9. Synthesis taking small molecules and putting them together, usually in many steps, to make something more complex Sunlight Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Glucose Water Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6

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