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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. 4 Types of Tissue. Epithelial Connective Muscle Neural. Connective Tissue. Fills internal spaces Supports & binds other tissues Transports materials Stores energy. Classification of Connective Tissues. Connective tissue proper :

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue

  2. 4 Types of Tissue • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Neural

  3. Connective Tissue • Fills internal spaces • Supports & binds other tissues • Transports materials • Stores energy

  4. Classification of Connective Tissues • Connective tissueproper: • connect and protect (adipose, tendon) • Fluidconnective tissues: • Transport (blood, lymph) • Supportiveconnective tissues: • structural strength (cartilage, bone)

  5. Classification ofConnective Tissues

  6. Mesoderm – Connective Tissues

  7. All types have: • Specializedcells • Extracellular protein fibers • Fluid (ground substance) Last two = Matrix (most volume of CT is matrix)

  8. Connective Tissue (CT) Functions • Connect epithelia to the rest of the body (basal lamina) • Provide structure (bone) • Store energy (fat) • Transport materials (blood) • Has no contact with environment

  9. CT Proper: Cell types • Fixed & Wandering cells • Fixed cells • Fibroblasts = make CT matrix; most abundant & ALWAYS present • Mesenchymal cells = undifferentiated cells • Become chondroblasts, osteoblasts, hematopoietc cells • Macrophages = ‘Big eaters’; attack pathogens & damaged cells. Initiate immune response. • Adipocytes = Energy storage • Melanocytes = Determine skin & eye color

  10. CT Proper: Cell types • Wandering cells • Monocytes -> Macrophages: “big eaters” • Mastcells: secrete histamine and heparin • Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells – immunity! More later

  11. CT Proper: Fiber types • Collagen (white) - Resists tensile forces;tendons • Long, straight, unbranched, strong, flexible • Three protein strands wound together in a rope • Reticular- stabilize major structures of organs • Same protein subunit as collagen • Branching and interwoven • Tough but flexible • Elastic – from elastin (yellow) stretch; elastic ligaments • Branched and wavy fibers • Coil and uncoil

  12. CT Proper: Ground substance • Ground Substance – the sieve part • Fills space between cells & surrounds fibers • Clear, colorless • Made of Hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and glycoproteins

  13. CT Proper – 3 types • Loose: “Packing material”; cushion, stabilize, fell space; mostly ground substance • Dense: transmit & resist forces; mostly fibers • Elastic: stabilize positions of bones

  14. CT Proper: Loose • Areolar – Padding; absorbs shock & distorts easily • Adipose - AKA Fat; padding, insulation, energy storage, heat generator • Reticular - Suspend specialized cells of filtering organs (liver, spleen)

  15. CT Proper: Dense • Dense Regular: fibers parallel; tightly packed; aligned with applied forces • with collagen: tendons (bone to muscle), aponeuroses (tendonous sheets) • with elastin: ligaments (bone to bone) • Dense Irregular: interwoven mesh; no pattern; applied forces from many directions • encapsulates kidneys, spleen, joints, beneath dermis • Encircles bone (periosteum) & cartilage (perichondrium)

  16. CT Proper: Elastic • Elastic • Dense Regular • Vocal cords & between vertebral bodies

  17. Dense Regular Firm attachment; parallel collagen fibers

  18. Loose Connective Tissues

  19. Dense Irregular Resist forces from many directions

  20. Elastic Permit some expansion without damage & regain shape

  21. More types of CT • Fluid CT – why is this called CT? • Supporting CT: Bone and Cartilage • Cartilage: chondrocytes & chondroitin sulfates • Hyaline • Elastic • Fibro

  22. Supporting CT: Cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Most common; support, friction reduction • closely packed collagen fiber • Ends of bones, larynx, trachea, nasal septum, epiphyseal plate

  23. Supporting CT: Cartilage • Elastic Cartilage • mostly elastic fibers; many cells • Pinna, tip of nose, epiglottis

  24. Supporting CT: Cartilage • Fibrocartilage • Little ground substance; fewer cells; densely interwoven collagen fibers • Resist compression, absorb shock

  25. Supporting CT: Bone • Bone = osseous CT • Cells • Osteoblasts • Osteocytes • Osteoclasts • Matrix • Very little ground substance • Hydroxyapetite (2/3) • Collagen fibers (1/3) • More later

  26. Fascia: CT framework • Superficial • areolar & adipose CT • separates skin from organs • Deep • Dense irregular CT • Surrounds organs; connects to bones & muscles • Subserous • Areolar CT • Separates serous membrane from deep fascia

  27. Neural Tissue • Specialized tissue for the conduction of information; consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves • Cells that are found in neural tissue • Neurons • Neuroglia cells (supporting) • The glue that holds neurons together

  28. Neurons and neuroglia cells

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