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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. Connects body parts Most abundant and widely distributed Protects, supports, and binds together other tissues. Characteristics. Most are vascularized - except tendons, cartilages, and ligaments

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue • Connects body parts • Most abundant and widely distributed • Protects, supports, and binds together other tissues

  2. Characteristics • Most are vascularized- except tendons, cartilages, and ligaments • Made up many different types of cells and nonliving substances (extracellular matrix)

  3. Extracellular Matrix • ECM- produced by connective tissue cells • Made up of two elements: ground substance and fibers • Ground substance- water, adhesion proteins, and polysaccharides • Is a water reservoir for the body • Fibers- collagen (white) strength, elastic (yellow) stretch and coil, reticular (fine collagen fibers form internal skeleton of soft organs) • Due to ECM connective tissues form soft packing tissue around organs to bear weight, withstand stretching

  4. Types of Connective Tissues • A. Bone- • osseous- composed of bone cells sitting on cavities called lacunae and surrounded by a hard matrix that contains calcium, salts, and large #’s of collagen • Bone protects and supports organs

  5. B. Cartilage • Less hard and more flexible • Most common- hyaline cartilage- abundant collagen fibers with rubbery matrix (glassy, blue-white appearance) • Forms supporting structures such has larynx, attaches ribs to breastbone, covers the ends of many bones near joints • Cartilage is replaced by bone in infants • Fibrocartilage forms disks b/t vertebrae • Elastic cartilage- found in ear

  6. C. Dense Connective Tissue (dense fibrous tissue) • Mostly made up of collagen fibers • Fibroblasts- found inbetween collagen and forms the building blocks of fibers • Forms strong structures such as tendons and ligaments • Tendons- atttach skeletal muscle to bone • Ligaments- connect bones to bones (joints) (contain more elastic fibers than tendons) • Makes up lower layers of the skin (dermis)

  7. D. Loose Connective Tissue- • Are softer and have more cells and fewer fibers 1. Areolar tissue- soft, pliable, cobwebby tissue that cushions and protects organs • It is a packaging tissue and “glue” holds internal organs in their positions • Fibers form loose network appears to be empty space • Reservoir for water and salts • When inflamed, the areolar soaks up excess fluid and becomes “puffy” (edema) • Phagocytes wonder through this tissue to pick up dead cells, debris

  8. D2- Adipose Tissue- fat • Its an areolar tissue in which fat cells predominate • Drop of oil occupies the cell, compressing the nucleus • Forms tissue beneath the skin, insulates the body • Protects some organs (kidenys) and cushions eyballs in socket • Fat deposits in the body – hips, and breats where it is stored for fuel if needed

  9. E- Blood (vascular tissue) • Blood cells surrounded by nonliving matrix (plasma) • Fibers are protein molecules only visible during clotting • Blood carries wastes, nutrients, and respiratory gases

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