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How was life? GDP and Beyond from 1820 onwards

How was life? GDP and Beyond from 1820 onwards. Introduction by Auke Rijpma (University of Utrecht) Marcel Timmer (University of Groningen). Cooperation of two projects. OECD: Better Life Initiative : multi-dimensional approach to well-being, resulting a.o. in the How’s Life? report

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How was life? GDP and Beyond from 1820 onwards

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  1. How was life?GDP and Beyond from 1820 onwards Introduction by AukeRijpma (University of Utrecht) Marcel Timmer (University of Groningen)

  2. Cooperation of two projects • OECD: Better Life Initiative: multi-dimensional approach to well-being, resulting a.o. in the How’s Life? report • Clio Infra project, global network of economic historians to measure various dimensions of long-term evolution of world economy 1500-2010. • Led by Jan Luiten van Zanden (University of Utrecht)

  3. Aim of cooperation • Present state-of-the-art estimates on various dimensions of development of well-being in world economy from 1820 to present (“GDP and beyond”) • Contribute to the discussion about the broadening of the welfare concept used to characterize socio-economic development • Indicate relevance of going “beyond GDP”, also in historical analysis • Publication of book “How Was Life” in Autumn 2014 by the OECD, including extensive statistical database.

  4. Dimensions covered in “How Was Life?” book

  5. Coverage and Statistical Quality • Data for 25 major countriesandanother 100+ since 1820. • Important issue of quality of underlying sources • Four levels of statisticalqualityindicatedforeach data point: basedon • credibility of source, • accuracy of methodology • and comparabilityacrosscountriesandover time • Regional and world averages based on population weights.

  6. Some preliminary results

  7. World averages

  8. W. European averages

  9. East Asian averages (incl. China)

  10. Within-country income inequality

  11. Within-country income inequality

  12. GDP/c & life expectancy

  13. GDP/c & SO2 emissions

  14. GDP/c & CO2 emissions

  15. GDP/c & democracy <1920

  16. GDP/c & democracy >1910

  17. “Great divergence”

  18. “Great divergence”

  19. Some preliminary results • In generalvery strong correlation of each indicator with GDP per capita, • ExceptforInequalityandEnvironmentalqualitydomains • For some indicators clearglobal trends (“technology”) as theyimprove over time even without GDP per capita growth • For some indicators notableexceptionsforparticularperiods in particularcountries (“policies”)

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