The Phenomena of Persistance of Vision Pertemuan 02

2. The Phenomena of Persistance of VisionPertemuan 02 Matakuliah : History of Animation Tahun : 2009

3. The MAGIC LANTERN The magic lantern is the predecessor of the modern day projector. It consisted of a translucent oil painting and a simple lamp. When put together in a darkened room, the image would appear larger on a flat surface. Athanasius Kircher spoke about this originating from China in the 16th century. Some slides for the lanterns contained parts that could be mechanically actuated to present limited movement on the screen. 3

4. First Projection Moving images on public • J. Stuart Blackton - "Humorous phases of funny faces.“ • En Route - Emile Cohl -first paper cutout animation • Winsor McCay produced an animation sequence comic strip - "Little Nemo."

5. How it works? • The lamp • Reflector • Condensing lens • Lens tube • Body • Base • Smokestack

7. Varieties of Magic Lantern

9. The Slides • Peck and Snyder - 4.5 x 7 “ • "English pattern" - 3.5 x 3.5 “ • "French pattern" - 3.25 x 4 “ • “Standard European size“- 3.25 x 3.25 “

11. Application to The Present

15. THAUMATROPE (1824) A thaumatrope was a simple toy used in the Victorian era. A thaumatrope is a small circular disk or card with two different pictures on each side that was attached to a piece of string or a pair of strings running through the centre. When the string is twirled quickly between the fingers, the two pictures appear to combine into a single image. The thaumatrope demonstrates the Phi phenomenon, the brain's ability to persistently perceive an image. Its invention is variously credited to Charles Babbage, Peter Roget, or John Ayrton Paris, but Paris is known to have used one to illustrate the Phi phenomenon in 1824 to the Royal College of Physicians.

16. PHENAKISTOSCOPE (1831) A phenakistoscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge (1893). The phenakistoscope was an early animation device, the predecessor of the zoetrope. It was invented in 1831 simultaneously by the BelgianJoseph Plateau and the Austrian Simon von Stampfer.

18. THE KINETOSCOPE is an early motion picture exhibition device. Though not a movie projector—it was designed for films to be viewed individually through the window of a cabinet housing its components—the Kinetoscope introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video: it creates the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter. First described in conceptual terms by U.S. inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie Dickson between 1889 and 1892. Dickson and his team at the Edison lab also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.

19. In April 1894, the first commercial exhibition of motion pictures in history was given in New York City, using ten Kinetoscopes. Instrumental to the birth of American movie culture, the Kinetoscope also had a major impact in Europe; its influence abroad was magnified by Edison's decision not to seek international patents on the device, facilitating numerous imitations of and improvements on the technology. In 1895, Edison introduced the Kinetophone, which joined the Kinetoscope with a cylinderphonograph. Film projection, which Edison initially disdained as financially nonviable, soon superseded the Kinetoscope's individual exhibition model. Many of the projection systems developed by Edison's firm in later years would use the Kinetoscope name.