CHAPTER 8 Deviance and Social Control

1. CHAPTER 8Deviance and Social Control Section 1: Deviance Section 2: Crime

2. Section 1: Deviance Objectives: • Explain the nature and social functions of deviance. • Compare the theories that have been proposed to explain deviance.

3. Section 1: Deviance Nature of Deviance • Because there are so many norms governing behavior, occasional violations are unavoidable • What is considered deviant varies from society to society

4. Section 1: Deviance Social Functions of Deviance • Clarifying Norms – defines the boundaries of acceptable behavior • Unifying the Group – serves to draw the line between conforming members of society and “outsiders” – the nonconforming members • Diffusing Tension – acts that allow individuals to relieve tension without disrupting the basic fabric of society

5. Section 1: Deviance Social Functions of Deviance (continued) 4. Promoting Social Change – can help prompt social change by identifying problem areas 5. Providing Jobs – provides legitimate jobs for a wide range of people

6. Section 1: Deviance Theories of Deviance • Functionalists – as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structures of society • Conflict Theorists – as a result of competition and social inequality • Interactionists – as either natural in people with weak ties to the community (control theory), as a learned behavior (cultural transmission theory), or as a label (labeling theory)

7. SECTION 1 Theory Perspective Questions How do individuals respond to culturally approved goals and the legitimate means of achieving them? (conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion) Functionalist Strain What is the result of competition and social inequality? (deviance) Who decides what is deviant? (ruling classes) Conflict Conflict Why do people conform to norms? (The strength of social ties determines conformity.) Control Interactionist How do people learn conformity or deviance? (through socialization, or interaction with others) Where does this learning mainly occur? (primary groups) Cultural Transmission How do people become identified as deviant? (through secondary deviance, or being labeled as deviant) Labeling Deviance

8. Section 2: Crime Objectives: • Identify the principal types of crime in the United States. • Explain the characteristics of the American criminal-justice system.

9. Section 2: Crime Principal Types of Crime in the U.S. • Violent Crime– includes murder, robbery; most victims are African Americans • Robbery-larceny from the person or presence of another by violence or threat. • Crime Against Property – includes burglary, larceny, vehicle theft; more common than violent crimes. • Burglary- the act of breaking and entering a dwelling at night to commit a felony • Felony- a crime for which the punishment in federal law may be death or imprisonment for mote than one year. • Larceny-the unlawful taking and removal of another person's property. • Victimless Crime – includes prostitution, gambling, illegal drug use; offender is the only victim

10. Section 2: Crime Principal Types of Crime in the U.S. (continued) • White Collar Crime – committed by high-status individuals in the course of their professions; includes fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement • Organized Crime – the pursuit of crime as a big business Bernie Madoff

11. SECTION 2 Crime Question: What are some characteristics of the American criminal-justice system?

12. SECTION 2 AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM Crime Police • Have the most control over who is arrested for crimes. • The use of police discretion, has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling

13. SECTION 2 AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM Crime Courts • Determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial. • The court assigns a punishment. • 90 percent of cases are actually settles through plea bargaining.

14. SECTION 2 AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM Crime Corrections • Includes probation, imprisonment, and parole, which serves four functions: • Retribution- Revenge for the victims and for society. • Deterrence- Discourage offenders and non offenders from committing future crimes. • Rehabilitation- Serves to reform criminals so that they can return to society as law abiding citizens. • Social protection- Limit the freedom of criminals so • they cannot commit additional crimes.

15. SECTION 2 AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM Crime Juvenile-Justice System • Applies to offenders younger than 18. • Guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights and privileges as adults. • Often provides more services.

16. SECTION 2 AMERICAN CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM Police Courts have the most control over who is arrested for crimes; use police discretion, which has raised the controversial issue of racial profiling determines the accused’s guilt or innocence in a court trial and then assigns a punishment; actually settles 90 percent of cases through plea bargaining Corrections Juvenile-Justice System includes probation, imprisonment, parole; serves four functions—retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, and social protection applies to offenders younger than 18; guarantees juvenile defendants the same legal rights and privileges as adults; often provides more services Crime

17. CHAPTER 8 Chapter Wrap-Up • 1. What are the functions of deviance? • 2. How does labeling theory differ from other theories of deviance? • 3. Describe the five general categories of crime. Be sure to list the types of crime in each category. • 4. What purposes does the corrections system fulfill? How does the juvenile-justice system meet these same purposes?