Final Exam Review

1. Final Exam Review • Your final exam is worth 10% of your grade!!!

2. What is one characteristic of the “Renaissance Man”? • He should be expected to create art as well as master almost every area of study • He should concentrate only on being a warrior in the tradition of Ancient Rome • He should focus on agricultural skills only • His focus should be on a path to the clergy

3. Who invented the printing press? • Jan van Eyck • Johann Gutenberg • Peter Bruegel • Hans Holbein

4. In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man? • He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist • He painted the Mona Lisa while holding scientific discussions • He lived in Italy during the 1500’s • He used perspective in all of his drawings and paintings

5. What was the Counter-Reformation? • Martin Luther’s attempt to reform the Catholic church • Henry VIII attempt to break away from the Catholic church • The Catholic Church’s attempt to re-gain followers through missionaries and reform • Martin Luther’s attempt to join the Catholic church again

6. The Council of Trent agreed that • Christians need only faith for salvation • The Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final • Priests cannot pardon sinners for committing sins • The Bible is the only authority for guiding Christian life

7. Why was Zheng He important to China? • He was China’s first emperor • He was China’s first non-Chinese emperor • He led 7 Chinese overseas explorations • He overthrew Mongolian rule in China

8. Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope? • Zheng He • Christopher Columbus • Vasco da Gama • Julius Caesar

9. What did the Aztecs give in order to give power to their gods? • Food offerings • Human sacrifice • Golden statues of sacred animals • Self-inflicted pain

10. How did Islam spread through Africa? • It spread by conquest and trade • Muslim teachers traveled to teach the faith • Ibn Battuta traveled through 27 countries to teach the Qur’an • Universities were established to teach the religion

11. Which of the following did the Enlightenment promote? • A belief in progress • A more secular outlook • Faith in science • All of the above

12. Whose ideas of natural law, natural rights, and the social contract influenced the American Declaration of Independence? • Baron de Montesquieu • Thomas Hobbes • John Locke • Denis Diderot

13. Peter the Great was the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do what for Russia? • Reduce the power of the nobles • Add territory to the Russian state • Organize and utilize a secret police • Westernize Russia by adopting European dress, industrialization, and technology

14. What was a fundamental cause of the French Revolution of 1789? • Fear of foreign invasion • The attempted flight of King Louis XVI • The fall of the Bastille • Unfair treatment of social classes

15. Which country colonized Brazil? • Spain • France • Portugal • England

16. Nationalism is • The result of a nation-state • Pride in one’s country above all others • Jealousy between countries • The solution to war

17. What group of people spearheaded the independence movement in Latin America? • The Mulattos • The Creoles • The Spanish • The peninsulares

18. What was the Industrial Revolution? • Increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields • Increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century • A widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a week • Increased populations of urban areas during the 1800’s

19. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? • It created technology to clean them • It made them lose valuable sources of food • It created poor living conditions: crowded cities, spread of disease, and no building codes lead to unsafe housing • It made the crime rate drop

20. How did industrialization change people’s lives? • They moved into cities, took factory jobs with poor working conditions, and were overworked and underpaid • They returned to the idyllic life of the farm • They moved into cities, got good paying jobs and easily became the middle class • They moved into crowded cities, rioted in the streets and then joined Napoleon’s army

21. What is imperialism? • An industrialized country • Domination of a weaker country by a more powerful country; politically, socially and economically • Communist control of African nations • An economic system that is based on the ideas of free enterprise

22. Prior to colonization by Europe, the African continent was divided by • Rivers and mountains • Arab traders • Economic philosophies • Linguistic and ethnic groups

23. Why did Europeans begin to travel deep into the interior of Africa? • Looking for native slaves • Going on safari • Searching for natural resources, labor, and new markets • In search of oil

24. What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference? • End slavery • Divide Africa among the European nations • Keep the Nazis out of Africa • Develop a unified government for Africa

25. Why was India considered the “crown jewel” of the British colonies? • Large supply of gold and diamonds • Supplied Britain with raw materials and a huge market • Offered British a place to vacation • Many markets offer shopping opportunities

26. What were positive aspects of British colonialism in India? • Built schools, bridges, hospitals, and railroads • Took control of the Indian government • Prevented India from trading with the U.S. • Encouraged the growing of poppies for opium

27. After Latin America gained their independence from Spain, what were the military rulers called? • Senators • Emperor • Caudillos • El President

28. What is the concept of “Manifest Destiny”? • Christianity is destined to be the only religion in America • It is the destiny of the U.S. to control all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean • The U.S. is destined to control the world • Great Britain is destined to conquer the U.S. as its colony

29. What was trench warfare intended to accomplish? • To protect soldiers from enemy gun fire • To trap enemy soldiers in mud pits on the front lines • To force enemy soldiers to pass through a “no man’s land” • All of the above

30. What was the significance of the Battle of Verdun? • It represented a major victory for Russia and the Czar • It represented a major victory for the United States and its allied countries • It was an indicator of the destructiveness and increased human casualties that would result from new warfare technology • It resulted in the deaths of over 1 million English and French soldiers

31. What new war technology contributed to the massive casualties in WWI? • Machine guns, poison gas, and tanks • Atomic bombs and rockets • Sticks and stones • Advanced use of Molotov cocktails

32. What does the term “Total War” mean? • The government is only concerned with military supplies • Labor unions join the war effort • The government of a nation is involved in every aspect of the war effort • Schools and businesses close in support of the war

33. What problems did the Russian people face as a result of the war and the many men lost? • Shortages of food and fuel • Too many men and no work • The population of Russia doubled • There were great food surpluses

34. Who were the Bolsheviks? • Soldiers of the White Army • Radical Russian Marxist revolutionaries who became communists • Members of the Duma, Russia’s Parliament • Followers of Rasputin

35. How did Czar Alexander III and Nicholas II deal with calls for reform? • They immediately moved to enact reforms • They made a few reforms but not all • They resisted all efforts for reform • They appointed ministers to study reforms

36. What was Lenin’s New Economic policy based upon? • Small scale capitalism and government control of major industries • The ideas of Adam Smith • The United States economy • No government control of the steel, oil, and railroad industries

37. The Japanese expansion throughout the Pacific during the 1930’s was caused by • China’s threat to invade Japan during World War II • Their need to acquired raw goods to fuel their industry • Their desire to join Germany in its war against the United States • The United States’ interventionist policies of the 1920’s and 1930’s

38. The rise of Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Party in the 1920’s was caused by • A desire to bring peace to a Europe ravaged by war • A need to expand the borders of the new Italian Republic • A need to avenge their loss to the Ottomans in World War I • A desire to restore Italy to the glory of its Roman heritage by adding colonial holdings

39. Who changed the focus of the National Socialist German Worker’s party in the 1920’s, using propaganda to advocate expansionism and Anti-Semitism? • Wilhelm Marx • Adolf Hitler • Karl Dönitz • Eugene Richter

40. Which of the following is a weapon of totalitarianism • Free elections • Uncensored mass media • Tolerant treatment of all ethnic groups -Police terror

41. The Final Solution refers to • Germany’s plan to win World War II • The Allies plan to win World War I • Hitler’s plan to eliminate Jewish people in all of Germany • The clause in the Treaty of Versailles to create a League of Nations

42. Which statement about the Holocaust is TRUE? • Children were not allowed in the concentration camps • The Nazis avoided killing women and the elderly • Jews were the main targets of the Nazis • Most Germans tried to help the victims

43. Who was the mastermind of the U.S.’s island hopping strategy? • Julius Caesar • Dr. Doolittle • Douglas MacArthur • President Franklin Roosevelt

44. What were the conditions in Europe at the end of World War II? • Life went back to normal very quickly • Governments took more control over the people • Land was destroyed, cities were in shambles, and the governments were unstable • There was an immediate increase in trade

45. What organization was created to prevent the possibility of WWIII? • NATO • League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles • United Nations

46. What was the purpose of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 1972? • To limit the number of weapons the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. could have in stock • To start a new Star Wars series of movies • Create newer, deadlier weapons • Trade weapons between the U.S. and Soviet Union

47. How did the development of the Hydrogen bomb reflect the arms race? • 50 times more powerful than Atomic bomb • Could be launched longer distances by missile • First strike capabilities for decisive win • All of the above

48. The terrorist organization based in Afghanistan whose leader was Osama bin Laden? • Red Brigade • Shining Path • Al Qaeda • March of Dimes

49. How has terrorism changed daily life? • Airport security is increased • More overseas flights available • No need for a passport • Iran’s tourist industry is booming

50. Which multinational corporation’s headquarters is located in Atlanta? • BMW • Toyota • Coca Cola • Honda