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The Classical Period: Movements of People

The Classical Period: Movements of People. Movements of People. Common themes for the classical civilizations include territorial expansion efforts to integrate the peoples of the new territories

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The Classical Period: Movements of People

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  1. The Classical Period: Movements of People

  2. Movements of People • Common themes for the classical civilizations include • territorial expansion • efforts to integrate the peoples of the new territories • Ex. Southeast Asia gained access to civilization during the classical period mainly through its contacts with India.

  3. Sub-Saharan Africa • Sub-Sahara refers to the area/land below the Sahara desert. http://www.jica.go.jp/jicares/english/img/activity_02.gif

  4. Sub-Saharan Africa • 1000 B.C.E-independent kingdom of Kush flourished along the upper Nile. • Possessed a form of writing derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics and mastered the use of iron. • Major cities were built

  5. Kush http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/images/200BC.jpg

  6. Kush The stone pyramids of Kush at Merowe in the Sudan.

  7. Sub-Saharan Africa • Kushites established a strong monarchy with the belief that the king was divine. • 300 B.C.E-Kush was defeated by the African kingdom of Axum • Axum was later defeated by the kingdom of Ethiopia • Both Axum and Ethiopia were in contact with Mediterranean civilizations

  8. Ethiopia

  9. Sub-Saharan Africa • Judaism spread to Ethiopia due to trade creating a small minority of Ethiopian Jews. • The Ethiopian Christian Church was cut off from mainstream Christianity after the fall of the classical period but Christianity flourished in isolation.

  10. Sub-Saharan Africa • Iron working spread which facilitated expansion of agriculture • Kushitewriting did NOT spread • What does this suggest about the impact of civilization below the Sahara?

  11. Sub-Saharan Africa • Towards the end of the classical era important regional kingdoms began to form in western Africa, leading to the creation of the first great state-GHANA • Root crops and plantains, being introduced to Southeast Asia about 100 C.E.

  12. West Africa-Ghana http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/timemachine/images/25_10.jpg <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/>

  13. Japan

  14. Japan • 200 C.E.-Japan had established extensive agriculture. • Population of the islands were formed by migrations from the peninsula of Korea. • Organization based on tribal chiefs evolved • Each tribal group had its own god thought of as an ancestor.

  15. Japan • Japan developed an iron working network. • Skipped the stages of bronze and copper work and went straight from stone to iron. • Regional states in Japan became more complex controlling larger territories. • Scribes from Korea to keep records on the island

  16. Japan-Shintoism • Japan’s religion was Shintoism. • Shintoism provided for the worship of political rulers and the spirits of nature, including the all important god of rice. • local shrines and rituals (unified religion in 700 C.E.)

  17. Shinto-Shrines Shinto shrine for Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess The Heian Shrine at Kyoto <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> The Yasukuni Shrine, Tokyo

  18. Japan • 400 C.E.-National politics arose as local regional leaders gained trust and loyalty from other leaders. • Japan’s imperial house-emperor/leader was worshipped as a religious figure. • Japan began to have more contact with China

  19. Northern Europe www.culturalresources.com/Maps.html

  20. Northern Europe • Teutonic or Celtic peoples (were loosely organized regional kingdoms) • Germany • England • Scandinavia • Slavic peoples • There was no written language, except in the cases where Latin had been imported.

  21. Northern Europe • Agriculture was still very primitive with hunting and gathering. • Scandinavians (learned skill of sailing) • Religious beliefs consisted of polytheistic nature gods.

  22. Civilizations of Central and South America http://www.audleytravel.com/Destinations/Central-America/~/media/Images/Destinations/Central%20America/Maps/CENTRAL%20AMERICAnew%20Region%20Map%20570.ashx?w=570 http://www.wildlifeadventures.com/assets/images/tours/Ancient_Civ_Map_500px.jpg

  23. Civilizations of Central and South America • 800 C.E-400 C.E- Central America • Olmecsdeveloped and spread and early form of civilization. • Lacked written language but produced massive pyramid shaped religious monuments.

  24. Civilizations of Central and South America An Olmec "head," ca. 900 B.C. http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/South%20America/factfile/Maya1.jpg <http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/> The Wrestler, a sculpture from the Olmec civilization

  25. Civilizations of Central and South America • In the Andes region of South America • Potatoes were grown • Domesticated animals such as turkeys, dogs, and guinea pigs • Impressive achievements in jade art • Religious statues were icons blended human images with animals. • Accurate and impressive calendar.

  26. Civilizations of Central and South America http://gallery.photo.net/photo/1905-lg.jpg

  27. Civilizations of Central and South America • Olmecs disappeared without a clear trace around 400 B.C.E. • Teotihuacan was the center of trade and worship. • Suffered setbacks from migrations and regional wars but American civilization starting with Maya 400 C.E.

  28. Civilizations of Central and South America • Peru and Bolivia • careful agriculture allowed the construction of elaborate cities and religious monuments • development of the Incan civilization • Early American Indian cultures were considerably ahead of European civilizations

  29. Polynesia http://southpacifichotels.travel/wiki/images/e/e6/Map_of_Polynesia.gif

  30. Polynesia • Developed in isolation in new island territories in the Pacific • Fiji and Samoa by 1000 B.C.E • Giant outrigger canoes led to the first settlement of island complexes such as Hawaii. • Adapted local plants • brought new animals such as pigs • Caste system under local kings.

  31. Polynesia http://www.divetheworldfiji.com/images/map-fiji.gif http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/australia/samoa_rel98.jpg

  32. Polynesia • Polynesians came from mainland Asia. • Left no written records • Ships were great double canoes and helped them catch ocean winds (trade)

  33. Polynesia http://www.modelshipmaster.com/products/other_types/viking/polynesian%20(2).JPG http://southpacifichotels.travel/wiki/images/8/8d/H%C3%B6k%C3%BCle%27a,_a_prototype_of_ancient_Polynesian_boats.jpg

  34. Africa-Bantu http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/000f2413.gif

  35. Africa-Bantu • Most Likely originated in an area south of the Sahara Desert in the region of modern day Nigeria. • language dialect not necessarily a tribe of people • 2000 B.C.E- left their homeland due to desertification • traveled for centuries all over sub-Saharan Africa maintaining the majority of their customs.

  36. Africa-Bantu • Language spread it combined with others • Migrations were gradual by the end of the classical era • Migrations introduced agriculture, iron metallurgy and the Bantu language to most regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.

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