The Design Process - An Overview

1. The Design Process - An Overview Skip Yarn, Oakland Mills High School

2. Experiences

3. Example Design Process • Define a Problem • Brainstorm • Research and Generate Ideas • Identify Criteria and Specify Constraints • Explore Possibilities • Select an Approach • Develop a Design Proposal • Make a Model or Prototype • Test and Evaluate the Design using Specifications • Refine the Design • Create or Make Solution • Communicate Processes and Results – ITEA Standards for Technological Literacy

4. Did you know… Our Problem Solving Process Explanation

5. Define the Problem Drop an egg from 30 feetto the ground without breaking it. Build a wind powered car that travels the farthest. Create a top that spins the longest. Design and build the most efficient bridge.

6. Did you know… 2. Brainstorming. • Create a list of ideas • Sketch simple concept pictures • Work towards quanity • Never criticize anyone’s idea • Use “Mind Mapping” Explanation

7. Brainstorming Techniques Mind Mapping Major Idea Major Idea Main Idea Major Idea Major Idea Major Idea

8. Brainstorming • Make at least three different sketches Explanation

9. Did you know… 3. Research and generate ideas “You don’t have to reinvent the wheel” • What have others done? • What do you need to know? • science, math concepts • Look on-line • As you look at what others have done – do you have any more ideas? Cite your sources! Google is not a source! It is a search engine. Explanation

10. Did you know… 4. Identify criteria and specify constraints • Now that you know the Problem and some information, it is time to look at what the requirements are. • This will include: • People, Time, Materials, Tools, Cost and other factors • This is an individual or group project. • You will have three days to build your design. • You may use any found material. • The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”. • Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing). • Must be able to touch the egg from each side. • The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points • If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max. • Drop from 3rd floor to Commons. Explanation

11. Did you know… 6. Select an approach- • Use a Decision Matrix. • This is a Table • Criteria along the top • Possible solutions along the left side • Use your ideas to complete this table. Explanation

12. Did you know… • Analyze each idea based on the criteria • 4 = meets it perfectly • 3 = is close but not perfect • 2 = just a little bit • 1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close • 0 = does not meet the criteria • YES = 1 • NO = 0 • Total up the results. Explanation

13. Did you know… • Analyze each idea based on the criteria • 4 = meets it perfectly • 3 = is close but not perfect • 2 = just a little bit • 1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close • 0 = does not meet the criteria • YES = 1 • NO = 0 • Total up the results. This is a sample of how it should work In the event of a tie – give weight to the “more important” criteria Explanation

14. Did you know… • Create an argument on why your design is the best solution to the problem or why it is not. • This argument must be based on logic, facts, and data. • A valid argument also provides the facts and data for the opposing argument. • Your argument must be well written and make use of the references from your research Explanation

15. Did you know… 7. Develop a design proposal • You will need to create a Multi-view drawing of your best solution. • Make sure that you include dimensions and other important information. • Some solutions may be complex and need many drawings to build from. • What you design here is what you will build and ultimately test. Explanation

16. Did you know… 8. Make a model or prototype. • Once you have made your initial solution, take a picture of it. Explanation

17. Did you know… 9. Test and evaluate the design. • You will need to create a test for your solution. • Some projects may be destroyed after testing, so you might want to come up with non-destructive tests. • Create a table to record your test results. 10. Redesign. • As you test your solution, you will make changes based on the results of the test. • Take pictures of these changes. Explanation

18. Did you know… 11. Create or make it. • This is your final solution to the design. • Take a picture of the final solution. • Video you testing the final solution 12. Communicate processes or results • Explain what you did during this project • Imagine that you have 2 minutes to tell the class what you did and how you solved the problem. • Or explain why your solution did not solve the problem. Explanation

19. Lets give it a try… Problem Statement: The products that we buy in the store are packaged in many unique ways to insure that they arrive at the specified location without being damaged.    Design Brief: Design and construct a package that will protect a raw egg from being damaged when dropped from a height of 30 feet. Elaboration

20. Lets give it a try… • This is an individual project. • You will have three days to build your design. • You may use any found material. • The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”. • Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing). • Must be able to touch the egg from each side. • The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points. • If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max. • Drop from 3rd floor to Commons. • Part of this grade will be based on competition. • 100 pts for the lightest solution that keeps the Egg from cracking • 98 pts for the second, 96 for the third… and so on. • In the event of a tie – the mean score will be given • 70 pts will be awarded for solutions that meet all of the criteria, but let the Egg crack or break. Elaboration

21. How well did you do? Evaluation