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World War II

World War II. “ NATURE IS CRUEL, SO WE MAY BE CRUEL, TOO… I HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMOVE MILLIONS OF AN INFERIOR RACE THAT BREEDS LIKE VERMIN” -HITLER. Europe in the 1930’s. Adolph Hitler Rise because of WWI Criticized rather than submitted a plan for progress

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. “NATURE IS CRUEL, SO WE MAY BE CRUEL, TOO… I HAVE THE RIGHT TO REMOVE MILLIONS OF AN INFERIOR RACE THAT BREEDS LIKE VERMIN” -HITLER

  3. Europe in the 1930’s • Adolph Hitler • Rise because of WWI • Criticized rather than submitted a plan for progress • Forced his way into the chancellorship

  4. America_in_the_20th_Century__World_War_II__The_World_at_War.movAmerica_in_the_20th_Century__World_War_II__The_World_at_War.mov

  5. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WW II • IN GERMANY ADOLF HITLER CAME TO POWER IN 1933 AS A FASCIST DICTATOR. • HITLER HATED THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND VIOLATED IT. FIRST HE BUILT UP THE GERMAN MILITARY. THEN HE SENT TROOPS INTO THE RHINELAND. THIS WAS A DIRECT VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, WHICH SAID IN 1919 THAT RHINELAND WAS A DEMILITARIZED ZONE.

  6. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WW II • HITLER WANTED TO CONQUER WHOEVER HE FELT WAS INFERIOR TO THE GERMANS OR ARYANS. HE WANTED “LIVING SPACE” FOR THE GERMANS IN EASTERN EUROPE. • ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 GERMANY INVADED POLAND WITHOUT A DECLARATION OF WAR. THIS STARTS WORLD WAR II.

  7. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WW II • BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1939. • ITALY DECLARED WAR ON FRANCE AND BRITAIN ON JUNE 10, 1940.

  8. IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WW II • BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY ON SEPTEMBER 3, 1939. • ITALY DECLARED WAR ON FRANCE AND BRITAIN ON JUNE 10, 1940.

  9. “Blitzkrieg” • IN GERMAN BLITZKRIEG MEANS “LIGHTNING WAR”. • HITLER USED BLITZKRIEG DURING HIS INVASION OF POLAND. • BLITZKRIEG INCLUDED SURPRISE ATTACKS, RAPID ADVANCES INTO ENEMY TERRITORY, AND MASSIVE AIR ATTACKS THAT STRUCK AND SHOCKED THE ENEMY. • GERMANY ACHIEVED MOST OF ITS VICTORIES IN WORLD WAR II WITH THE BLITZKRIEG TACTIC.

  10. What Was Appeasement? Neville Chamberlain, Britain’s prime minister, felt that Germany was treated unfairly after WWI, and that they had grievances that needed to be addressed. Neville believed that if he catered to demands of Hitler and Mussolini, Britain could avoid another European war.

  11. Appeasement...cont'd Neville firmly believed that if he catered to the demands of Hitler and Mussolini, Britain could fully avoid another war in Europe. This policy became known as “appeasement”, which is defined as “the policy of granting concessions to potential enemies to maintain peace.”

  12. Munich Conference The Munich Conference was the third of the three meetings held to negotiate who the territory should go to. The leaders of Britain, Italy, France and Germany who met here, decided that Sudetenland be given over to the Germans immediately…without consulting the Czechs.

  13. Europe in the 1930’s • AUSTRIA • HITLER THREATENED INVASION • MERGED WITH GERMANY • CZECHOSLOVAKIA • GERMAN-SPEAKING AREA TURNED OVER • MEETING IN MUNICH • PEACE DECLARED • NON-AGGRESSION PACT WITH STALIN

  14. Germany’s Attack in Europe • Polish invasion • Sept. 1, 1339 • Blitzkrieg • Warsaw Ghetto

  15. "The Nazi occupation of Poland was horrific. Twenty percent of the Polish people died in forced labor, of hunger, or from fighting. Resistance was impossible. Even the feeblest opposition brought devastating, over-whelming reprisals. – Thorpe, Scott, How to Think Like Einstein, Barnes & Noble Books, Inc., 2000, p. 127.

  16. Germany’s Attack in Europe • Denmark, Holland • Norway (Quisling) • Belgium and France • Dunkirk • Britain • Winston Churchill

  17. “...We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall fight in the seas and oceans...We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing-grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender...” Winston Churchill “We have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”

  18. “Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their finest hour.’” — Winston Churchill

  19. “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” — Winston Churchill

  20. Germany’s Attack in Europe • Balkans • Russia • US isolation

  21. Maximum Axis Control (Sept 1942)

  22. Allied Counter attacks in Europe • Soviet • North Africa • Italy • Normandy • Battle of the Bulge

  23. Allied Counter attacks in Europe • Surrender • Stalin, • Churchill, • Roosevelt • The Marshall Plan

  24. "MEN OCCASIONALLY STUMBLE OVER THE TRUTH, BUT MOST OF THEM PICK THEMSELVES UP AND HURRY OFF AS IF NOTHING HAPPENED.“ – Churchill, Winston.

  25. Japan’s Invasion • China • Blockade • Pearl Harbor • Southeast Asia

  26. Allied Counterattacks in the Pacific • Midway • Southeast Asia • Island hopping • Japanese main islands

  27. Pacific War

  28. The Allied Powers advantage: the United States had tremendous production capacity advantage: the Soviet Union had vast manpower advantage: Britain and the Soviet Union had not been defeated disadvantage: faced a long, drawn-out fight on several fronts disadvantage: enemy held firm control of conquered area spread over an enormous area—both in Europe and the Pacific Early Difficulties THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

  29. The Axis Powers ADVANTAGE: BETTER PREPARED FOR WAR ADVANTAGE: HAD FIRM CONTROL OVER INVADED AREAS ADVANTAGE: HAD BEEN REARMED SINCE THE 1930S ADVANTAGE: ALREADY HAD AIRFIELDS, BARRACKS, AND MILITARY TRAINING CENTERS ADVANTAGE: ECONOMIES READY FOR WAR DISADVANTAGE: HAD TO DEFEND MULTIPLE FRONTS EARLY DIFFICULTIES THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

  30. ADVANTAGE: THE UNITED STATES HAD TREMENDOUS PRODUCTION CAPACITY ADVANTAGE: THE SOVIET UNION HAD VAST MANPOWER ADVANTAGE: BRITAIN AND THE SOVIET UNION HAD NOT BEEN DEFEATED DISADVANTAGE: FACED A LONG, DRAWN-OUT FIGHT ON SEVERAL FRONTS DISADVANTAGE: ENEMY HELD FIRM CONTROL OF CONQUERED AREA SPREAD OVER AN ENORMOUS AREA—BOTH IN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC EARLY DIFFICULTIES THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

  31. The Home Front WOMEN AND THE WAR EFFORT • ENTERED THE JOB MARKET TO REPLACE SOLDIERS • WORKED IN PLANTS • PRODUCED WAR PRODUCTS

  32. Victory in Europe THE WAR IN EUROPE Fighting in the Atlantic • Axis attacks took a huge Allied toll • with sonar, Allies turned the tide in 1943 • sea dominance allowed the Allied to protect cargo ships and bomb Axis vessels • as with the Battle of the Atlantic, 1943 was an important year • Allies conducted strategic bombing to destroy important German cities Fighting in the Air The Normandy Invasion • took place on June 6, 1944 • Allies needed to invade German-occupied France • created a dummy invasion as a decoy • stormed the beach with high casualties but ultimate success

  33. WORLD WAR II–THE FINAL COSTS Human Costs Economic Costs • killed millions of people • resulted in the Holocaust • wounded many soldiers and civilians • destroyed many nations’ economies • ruined countless cities • destroyed national infrastructures • the most devastating war in history • enormous human and economic losses

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