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Geology of the oceans

Geology of the oceans. Chapter 3 Refer to class discussions and lectures for additional information . Geology of the oceans. The world ocean covers over _____of the planet’s surface. The oceans are believed to have formed about __________________.

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Geology of the oceans

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  1. Geology of the oceans Chapter 3 Refer to class discussions and lectures for additional information

  2. Geology of the oceans • The world ocean covers over _____of the planet’s surface. • The oceans are believed to have formed about __________________

  3. Primitive Earth and Formation of the Ocean • The atmosphere formed only______ _____________________________ • The oceans formed only after____ _____________________________ • The formation of the oceans created the ____________________ required for ___________________________

  4. Ocean and the origin of life • __________________discharged electricity within water vapor, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen • The experiment produced _________(the building blocks of life). The idea that life arose from a primordial soup (proteins and other complex materials formed when shallow pools evaporated) was supported. • Currently scientists propose that life arose deep in the_______________________ ________________________________

  5. Oldest known fossils • Fossils of ______________represent some of the earth’s earliest life forms • Fossils of _________________(blue-green algae) are dated __________

  6. The Ocean Today • Major ocean basins: • ______________ (largest) • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ (smallest) • ______________ (also considered an ocean)

  7. Seas and gulfs • Sea – ___________________________ • Examples: • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ • Gulf – _________________________ _________________________________ • Examples: • ________________ • ________________ • ________________

  8. Continental Driftlayers of the Earth • The Earth’s interior consists of multiple layers: • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ The ____________________is the uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust

  9. Moving Continents • The continents fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle • Pangaea – ________________ • The Earth was a single continent that broke up and drifted apart over___________________ • ___________________– included North America, Greenland, and Eurasia • ___________________– included South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India

  10. Forces that drive continental drift • Mid-ocean ridge – ________________ • Rift valley – _________________________ ___________________________________ • New seafloor forms at the___________________ _______________________________________ • Subduction zones – __________________ • seafloor returns as part of the rock cycle at ____________________ • Seafloor spreading – ________________

  11. Evidence for continental drift and seafloor spreading • Three forms of evidence to support the theory of seafloor spreading • Sediment layers – _______________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Radiometric dating – __________________ ___________________________________ • Magnetometer data – _________________ ____________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________

  12. The unifying theory: Theory of Plate Tectonics • The theory of plate tectonics unites the theory of seafloor spreading and the theory of continental drift • According to the theory of plate tectonics, __ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ • Divergent plate boundaries (constructive boundaries) • _________________________________________ _________________________________________ • Convergent plate boundaries (destructive boundaries) • ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________

  13. Rift Communities • Deep-sea vent communities • _____sea water seeps into the crust in the rift valley. • Hot magma below the crust superheats the water that has high levels of dissolved ____________ _______________ • _____________ _____________is the equivalent of sunlight for the hydrothermal vent organisms

  14. Rift communities cont. • Hydrothermal vents communities include organisms such as clams, giant tubeworms, and crustaceans • The primary producers for these communities are_________________ • Primitive bacteria metabolize the dissolved sulfides providing chemical energy for the food web at the rift communities • Some scientists hypothesize that life on Earth_________________ ____________________

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